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Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling

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  Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling Abstract Introduction Sanguisorba officinalis L. ( Di Yu ) has traditionally been used for snakebite treatment. Ziyuglycoside I, a major bioactive constituent of Di Yu , exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but its role in snake venom-associated renal injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate its potential protective effects against Deinagkistrodon acutus venom (DAV)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury in vitro. Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to DAV to establish an in vitro renal tubular epithelial injury model. Cellular metabolic activity and intracellular ATP levels were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and CellTiter-Glo assays, respectively. DAV-induced molecular alterations were examined by transcriptomic sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. PAR1 knockdown and pharmacological...

Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXXVIII. Parabuthus puntlandus sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae)

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Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae)

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Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXXV. Parabuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae)

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