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A Paradigm Shift in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy: From Conventional Antivenoms to Rationally Designed, Broadly Neutralizing Combination Therapies

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  A Paradigm Shift in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy: From Conventional Antivenoms to Rationally Designed, Broadly Neutralizing Combination Therapies Abstract For over a century, polyclonal antivenom has been the cornerstone of snakebite therapy, saving countless lives. However, the current production method, based on immunizing large animals, has inherent limitations in terms of safety, stability, and supply reliability, thereby creating a pressing need for alternative technologies. This review charts the rise of next-generation antivenoms built on recombinant antibody engineering. We systematically survey the strategies for discovering and developing these molecules, from humanized monoclonal antibodies and VHHs to computationally designed proteins. Our central thesis is that achieving broad-spectrum neutralization against complex venoms requires a shift from single-agent approaches to rationally designed, oligoclonal “cocktail” therapies (defined mixtures of a few select therapeut...

Paralysis Efficiency (PD50) Scales Linearly with Lethality (LD50) in Spider Venoms

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An integrative description of Euscorpius diagorasi sp. n. from Rhodes, Greece (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)

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ProVenTL: a transfer-learning framework for predicting peptide–protein interactions derived from snake venom for cancer therapeutics

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Post-traumatic phenomena secondary to snakebite envenomation: a psychiatric clinical perspective

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Traffic noise leads to cardiac stress reactions in two urban-tolerant Trichonephila spiders, but in different ways

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Two decades on: A follow-up comparison of beetle (Coleoptera) and spider (Araneae) diversity in a mosaic of farmland, edge, and tropical forest habitats in western Costa Rica

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The underlying mechanism of scorpion venom peptide BmK AS in reducing epilepsy seizures: mediated through dual modulation of Nav1.6 and the inflammasome pathway

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Cloning and functional analysis of vitellogenin receptor gene PastVgR1 regulates reproduction in Pardosa astrigera (Araneae: Lycosidae): a potential target for mass rearing of predatory spiders in pest management

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Differential Hematotoxic Activity of Southeast Asian Pit Viper Venoms: The Cross-Neutralizing Effect of Available Antivenoms

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Additions to the spider fauna (Araneae) of Algeria: first records of five species from the northern Sahara

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A new endemic genus of tarantula (Theraphosidae, Ischnocolinae) from southern Peru

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Testing the Limits of Morphology: A Comprehensive Morphometric Study of the Sister Lineages Lasiocyano Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges and Guadanucci, 2023 and Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae)

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Taxonomic review of the North American species of the accentuata and celer groups of the genus Anyphaena Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae), with description of eight new species

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Big Spider, Big Genome: Chromosome-level genome of a North American tarantula (Aphonopelma marxi) and comparative genomics across 300 million years of spider evolution

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The action of marimastat, a metalloprotease inhibitor, on the coagulant, hemorrhagic, and neuromuscular activities of Lachesis muta (South American bushmaster) venom

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Snakebite epidemiology in the State of Mexico, Mexico 2003-2024

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Three new species of the segmented spider genus Songthela (Araneae: Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) from Guizhou, China

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Spider peptides from Brachypelma smithi with slightly different amino acids at their C-terminal loops exert different insecticidal activities

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Humanized synthetic nanobody library for antivenom development

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A cross-sectional study of scorpion stings in high-risk areas of Islamic Republic of Iran

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