Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling

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  Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling Abstract Introduction Sanguisorba officinalis L. ( Di Yu ) has traditionally been used for snakebite treatment. Ziyuglycoside I, a major bioactive constituent of Di Yu , exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but its role in snake venom-associated renal injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate its potential protective effects against Deinagkistrodon acutus venom (DAV)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury in vitro. Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to DAV to establish an in vitro renal tubular epithelial injury model. Cellular metabolic activity and intracellular ATP levels were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and CellTiter-Glo assays, respectively. DAV-induced molecular alterations were examined by transcriptomic sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. PAR1 knockdown and pharmacological...

Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXXVIII. Parabuthus puntlandus sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae)

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Figure 1. Parabuthus puntlandus sp. n., male holotype in vivo habitus. Image taken in the laboratory with different sand/background than in reality is on the original locality

Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXXVIII. Parabuthus puntlandus sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae)

Abstract

A new species Parabuthus puntlandus sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) is described. Combination of five characters; metasoma V black; pectine teeth number 39–42 in both sexes; pedipalp chela length/width ratio 3.05–4.26 in both sexes; metasoma and telson sparsely hirsute; smooth inner side of the base of fingers of pedipalp chela (tubercle absent) distinguish P. puntlandus sp. n. from all other species in the region. In addition to the analyses of external morphology, we have provided descriptions of the karyotype of P. puntlandus sp. n. (2n=16). Included is also a map of distribution of Parabuthus species in Horn of Africa.

Kovařík, F., Šťáhlavský, F., Elmi, H. S., & Štarha, R. 2025 . Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XXXVIII. Parabuthus puntlandus sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae. Euscorpius, No. 414: 1-11. 

https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2025/iss414/1/