First record of Megaselia abdita (Schmitz, 1959) (Diptera: Phoridae) infestation in captive tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae

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  First record of Megaselia abdita (Schmitz, 1959) (Diptera: Phoridae) infestation in captive tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae Abstract Flies of the genus Megaselia Rondani, 1856 exhibit exceptional ecological flexibility, with certain species acting as facultative parasites. This study presents the first documented cases of Megaselia abdita (Schmitz, 1959) infesting captive tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae, Ceratogyrus darlingi Pocock, 1897 and Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994) in terrarium settings. Our observations demonstrate that M . abdita colonise artificial habitats and exploit spider hosts similarly to Megaselia scalaris . Citation: Szymański, D.M., Szymański, D., Kłonowski, P. (2026). First record of Megaselia abdita (Schmitz, 1959) (Diptera: Phoridae) infestation in captive tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Dipteron, 42, 25-29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23137389

Pharmacological Potential of Scorpion Venom: From Molecular Targets, Peptide Chemistry to Clinical Translation

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Pharmacological Potential of Scorpion Venom: From Molecular Targets, Peptide Chemistry to Clinical Translation

Abstract

Scorpion venom is extremely expensive and dangerous, but it also has fascinating medical applications, particularly in regulating biological mechanisms due to its structural and functional specificity. In this regard, the current review article aims to address medical issues, discuss prospects, and provide recommendations for future directions, including the development of drugs and clinical applications of scorpion venom. The scorpion venom is also a valuable source for pharmacological and clinical applications, including cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, diabetic control, wound healing, and pain relief. Additionally, it can help to develop new medicines that control the immune system and prevent autoimmune diseases. The clinical applications show the development of cancer therapies and other antitumor effects. Approximately 350 peptides derived from the most studied scorpion species comprise of a mixture rich in neurotoxins, enzymes, nucleotides, water, and a combination of salts, amino acids, biogenic amines, mucopolysaccharides, and other proteins, all of which contribute to their biological activity. The pharmacological properties suppress tumor cell migration, trigger apoptosis, and modulate ion channels. The peptides exhibit cytotoxicity and antiviral activity and reflect significant clinical applicability. This review aims to summarize previous findings and seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, patterns, and trends in those fields, and the significance of scorpions in the field of medicine.

Summer, M., Bibi, R. & Ali, S. Pharmacological Potential of Scorpion Venom: From Molecular Targets, Peptide Chemistry to Clinical Translation. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 36, 35 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-026-00739-y