Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation

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  Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation Abstract Snake venom is a complex and dynamic ecological trait, with high potential for intraspecific variation. In this study, the venom composition of the Iberian adder ( Vipera seoanei ) from the Peneda Mountains of northern Portugal was investigated to explore whether venom varies with body size and sex. Venom proteomes from six individuals representing juvenile, subadult, and adult males and females were characterised using LC–MS/MS, while individual variation was assessed from SDS–PAGE profiles of 18 snakes. LC–MS/MS identified 144 proteins, dominated by phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), snake venom serine proteases (svSP), and C-type lectin-related proteins (CTL). Descriptive comparisons revealed contrasting individual profiles, particularly between the juvenile male, characterised by high svSP and svMP abundance, and the juvenile female, characterised by high ...

A review of the wolf spider genus Bogdocosa (Araneae, Lycosidae)

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A review of the wolf spider genus Bogdocosa (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Abstract

Bogdocosa Ponomarev & Belosludtsev, 2008 is reviewed, two new combinations are proposed: Bogdocosa flavida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), comb. nov. (from Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang of China) and B. multivaga (Simon, 1880), comb. nov. (from Hebei and Inner Mongolia of China). Pardosa xinjiangensis Hu & Wu, 1989, syn. nov. is synonymized with B. flavida (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885). Additionally, a new species is described based on both sexes from Xinjiang: B. yunshani Wang, Marusik & Zhang, sp. nov. Detailed species descriptions, morphological photos, illustrations of copulatory organs, and a distribution map of the genus are presented.

Zhang X-Y, Marusik YM, Nadolny AA, Zhang Z-S, Wang L-Y (2025) A review of the wolf spider genus Bogdocosa (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101(4): 1445-1458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.161058