Snake Venom and Antivenom Pharmacology

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  SNAKE VENOM & ANTIVENOM Chemistry, Composition, Mechanisms and Pharmacology Abstract This integrated teaching session for Phase III MBBS students focused on the pharmacology and toxicology of snake venom and the principles of antivenom therapy. The lecture covered the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of snake venoms and antivenoms. Rational use of antivenoms, indications, administration protocols, adverse reactions, and supportive management strategies were discussed. The session also highlighted the translational importance of venom-derived compounds in modern drug development. Recent advances in antivenom research, including recombinant human monoclonal antibodies, toxin-specific inhibitors, synthetic antibody technologies, and next-generation broad-spectrum antivenoms, were reviewed. Current discoveries and emerging approaches aimed at improving efficacy, safety, affordability, and accessibility of antivenom therapy were also explor...

Revision of the genus Pireneitega in France and in the Pyrenees with the description of P. occitanica sp. nov. (Araneae, Agelenidae)

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Revision of the genus Pireneitega in France and in the Pyrenees with the description of P. occitanica sp. nov. (Araneae, Agelenidae)

Summary

The genus Pireneitega (Kishida, 1955) is revised in France and in the Pyrenees, following the discovery of a new species in Occitanie (ex régions Midi-Pyrénées et Languedoc-Roussillon). Pireneitega occitanica sp. nov. is described, previously confused with P. pyrenaea (Simon, 1870) in the Pyrénées-Orientales, and with P. segestriformis in Ariège, where these species coexist. As part of this revision, the synonymies proposed by Simon (1937) are confirmed and two others are corrected : Amaurobius roscidus C.L. Koch, 1836 = Coelotes terrestris (Wider, 1834) and Clubiona ferox nigra Wlackenaer, 1837 = P. segestriformis Dufour, 1820. To achieve this, the type materiel was studied and some lectotypes et neotypes are designated. Type localities and their associated approximations are also discussed. An identification key to the three Pyrenean species is given. The distribution of these 3 species and of Coelotes terrestris in the Pyrenees are mapped.

Déjean, Sylvain & Danflous, Samuel. (2024). Révision du genre Pireneitega en France et dans les Pyrénées et description de P. occitanica sp. nov. (Araneae, Agelenidae). 11. 28-51.