Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Mexican Rattlesnakes

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  Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Mexican Rattlesnakes Abstract Despite the vast biodiversity of Mexican vipers, venom of endemic species has been barely studied. Here we analyzed the venom composition of three endemic species of rattlesnakes: Crotalus aquilus , C. triseriatus , and C. ravus . We used quantitative chromato-mass-spectrometry and compared venoms with C. molossus , a species commonly found in North America, in a comparative and phylogenetic framework. In total, we identified 165 proteins grouped in 19 main protein families, consistent with previous reports for viperid venoms. In C. aquilus and C. triseriatus , the most predominant protein-family type was Serine Proteases, and in C. triseriatus and C. molossus it was Snake Venom Metalloproteases. The Label-free quantification revealed a high proportion of Snake Venom Metalloproteases in C. aquilus , C. triseriatus , and C. molossus , reaching 28–47% of the total venom. In contrast, in ...

Two new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from southern China

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Two new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from southern China

Abstract


The spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 is widely distributed in the world, exhibiting higher species diversity in Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. Two new Pachygnatha species from southern China are described based on males and females: Pachygnatha shengtangensis sp. nov. and Pachygnatha unciniformis sp. nov. Detailed descriptions, color photographs and line drawings of the two new species, and a distribution map of Chinese Pachygnatha are provided. Furthermore, the COI sequences of the new species, and the p-distances are also presented between seven Pachygnatha species including five known and the two new species. The embolic medial groove, previously recorded and described in the genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887, is also present in the two new species, representing the first record of this structure in the genus Pachygnatha.

Huang, Z. G., Wu, Y. C., Yin, H. Q., Xu, X. & Chen, J. H. (2024). Two new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from southern China. Zootaxa 5555(3): 385-406. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5555.3.4