Indian lone commercial antivenom against Indian red scorpion venom demonstrates limited immunorecognition and partial neutralisation of enzymatic, pharmacological, and some toxic effects of Heterometrus bengalensis (Indian black scorpion) venom proteins in vitro and in vivo

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  Indian lone commercial antivenom against Indian red scorpion venom demonstrates limited immunorecognition and partial neutralisation of enzymatic, pharmacological, and some toxic effects of Heterometrus bengalensis (Indian black scorpion) venom proteins in vitro and in vivo Abstract Scorpion envenomation remains a significant yet under-addressed public health issue in India.  Heterometrus bengalensis  (HB), a medically important scorpion, can induce clinically relevant local and systemic toxicity. However, limited research has evaluated the immunological recognition and neutralisation efficacy of existing commercial anti-scorpion antivenoms (ASV) against HB venom (HBV). This study evaluated the immunological cross-reactivity and neutralisation potential of a commercial ASV against HBV using  in vitro  and  in vivo  approaches. Immunochemical assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting) demonstrated partial immunoreactivity toward H...

Further additions to the guardstone spider fauna from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae)

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Further additions to the guardstone spider fauna from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae)


Abstract

Twenty-three new phrurolithid species belonging to eight genera, including two new genera, are described from China: Beatitas gen. nov. and Punctus gen. nov., Abdosetae baoting sp. nov., Aculithus brevispina sp. nov., Alboculus yanling sp. nov., Beatitas octomaculatus sp. nov., Otacilia allomanubrium sp. nov., O. guposhan sp. nov., O. horizon sp. nov., O. impleta sp. nov., O. maliu sp. nov., O. shaoyao sp. nov., O. shennongjia sp. nov., O. spina sp. nov., O. striata sp. nov., O. subdentigera sp. nov., O. subforcipata sp. nov., O. wenbi sp. nov., O. yongjia sp. nov., Pennalithus liaoning sp. nov., P. micous sp. nov., Punctus maoxian sp. nov., P. taibai sp. nov., Xilithus pugious sp. nov., and X. wangi sp. nov.. The male of Otacilia ailan Liu et al., 2019 and the female of Grandilithus fengshan Liu & Li, 2022 are described for the first time. Two new combinations, Aculithus pseudofabiformis (Liang et al., 2021) comb. nov. and Corealithus nigerus (Yin, 2012) comb. nov., are established. Corealithus subnigerus (Fu, Chen & Zhang, 2016) syn. n. is also synonymized with C. nigerus comb. nov.. Three species, Otacilia dawushan Liu & Li, 2022 syn. n., O. xingguo Liu & Li, 2022 syn. n. and O. zhonglong Liu & Li, 2022 syn. n., are synonymized with O. wugongshanica Liu, 2020.

Mu, Y. & Zhang, F. (2023b). Further additions to the guardstone spider fauna from China (Araneae: Phrurolithidae). Zootaxa 5338(1): 1-104. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5338.1.1