Beyond Venom and Constriction: Bite Performance and Trophic Ecology in the Genus Drymarchon

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  Beyond Venom and Constriction: Bite Performance and Trophic Ecology in the Genus Drymarchon Abstract Snakes exhibit extreme cranial kinesis that facilitates ingestion of prey with large cross-sectional area, but this ability is widely predicted to reduce bite performance due to decreased structural rigidity. Consequently, most large-bodied snakes rely on envenomation or constriction to subdue prey prior to ingestion. Species within the genus Drymarchon represent a notable exception: these large, non-venomous, non-constricting snakes routinely consume a wide range of prey, including large and potentially dangerous vertebrates, using only simple seizing and pinioning behaviors. Here, we quantify bite performance in three species of Drymarchon ( D. corais, D. couperi, and D. melanurus ), examine morphological predictors of biting performance, compare biting pressure to constriction pressure in similarly sized snakes, and synthesize dietary records across the genus. Our results sh...

Diversity and Abundance of Spiders (Araneae) in Different Habitats in Mt. Lantoy, Cebu, Philippines

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Diversity and Abundance of Spiders (Araneae) in Different Habitats in Mt. Lantoy, Cebu, Philippines

Abstract

Spiders are essential Tecological regulators that help maintain ecosystem stability through their roles as both predators and prey in food webs. Despite their importance, information on their diversity and distribution is still scarce, especially in regions that remain poorly explored. This study aims to assess the abundance and diversity of spiders across different habitats at Mt. Lantoy: Forest, Riparian, Plantation, and Grassland. A combination of search-and-capture techniques and beat-sheet methods was employed during a 160-man-hour sampling period. The study documented 276 individuals across 101 species in 20 families. Among the families, Araneidae exhibited the highest species richness with 35 species, while Tetragnatha cf. ceylonica was the most abundant species, with 16 individuals. Nine recorded species are Philippine endemics (Acusilas dahoneus, Gasteracantha parangdiadesmia, Chrysso tiboli, Neoscona facundoi, Neoscona aldinei, Nusatidia luzonica, Phlogiellus baeri, Phintella piatensis, and Lepidemathis sericea) and eight species are classified as threatened under DENR Administrative Order 2019-09 (Cytophora exanthematica, Eriovixia laglaizei, Neoscona punctigera, Neoscona aldinei, Neoscona vigilans, Parawixia dehaani, Poltys illepidus, and Phlogiellus baeri); two species — Neoscona aldinei and Phlogiellus baeri — carry both endemic and threatened status, yielding 15 unique conservation-priority species in total. Forest and riparian had significantly higher plot-level abundance and species richness than plantation and grassland; forest and riparian were not significantly different from each other. These findings highlight Mt. Lantoy as a key habitat for spider populations, underscoring its value for future conservation initiatives and biodiversity management.

Fortuna,  J.G.A.;  Alburo,  R.P.; van Steenhuyse, T.J.L.; Olmilla,  R.C;  Alvarez,  J.P.L; Alburo,   H.M. Diversity  and abundance of spiders (Araneae)  in  different habitats in Mt. Lantoy, Cebu, Philippines. ASEAN   J. Sci. Tech. Report. 2026, 29(8), e265024. https://doi.org/10.55164/ajstr.v29i8.265024