First catalog of spiders of Egypt (Araneae)

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  First catalog of spiders of Egypt (Araneae) Abstract This study provides a comprehensive catalog of the spider fauna of Egypt, comprising 389 species assigned to 197 genera and 40 families. For each species, all published locality records are compiled and accompanied by complete bibliographic references. The dataset has been carefully reviewed and critically evaluated in light of the most recent taxonomic and faunistic information. Among the recorded species, 55 (14.13%) are currently known only from Egypt and are thus considered endemic. Based on the World Spider Catalog (2026), 28 species are treated as nomina dubia, 23 species lack confirmed records from Egypt, which is not correct, 10 have to be omitted from the Egyptian list and 8 are species inquirenda. Despite the relatively high number of documented species, the Egyptian araneofauna remains insufficiently explored. Given the country’s ecological diversity and biogeographical position, further research is expected to signi...

What about male quality? A model to predict male investment in a single female

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What about male quality? A model to predict male investment in a single female

Abstract

Monogyny—where a male invests all his reproductive effort in a single female—is a rare and poorly understood mating system. It contradicts conventional sex roles, in which males typically seek multiple mates while females may mate repeatedly. Previous theoretical work has shown that monogyny is most likely to evolve under male-biased sex ratios, as often occurs in species with extreme female-biased sexual size dimorphism (eSSD). While previous models mainly considered the species level, potential individual strategies have received little attention. Here we used a game theory approach, considering the interplay between male and female decisions, to address how variation in male quality (e.g., size or body condition) affects the payoff of a monogynous strategy. The model is based on the biology of widow spiders, where males exhibit extreme mating investment including prolonged courtship, mate guarding, genital damage and even self-sacrifice, but can be relevant to other species with eSSD. The results of the model confirm previous predictions and point to a novel, testable, and somewhat surprising prediction: unless females are extremely rare relative to males, and/or male survival prospects are very slim, the highest quality males would avoid extreme investment and rather set out to look for additional females to mate with. This is because high-quality males face a lower risk that the female will not use their sperm, and they are also likely to be accepted by subsequent (even already mated) females. Future studies could address this hypothesis experimentally by comparing the tendency of males of varying qualities to invest in a current mate under different demographic and ecological conditions.

Heifetz, A., Lubin, Y., Schneider, J., & Segoli, M. What about male quality? A model to predict male investment in a single female. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voag029