Snake Venom and Antivenom Pharmacology

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  SNAKE VENOM & ANTIVENOM Chemistry, Composition, Mechanisms and Pharmacology Abstract This integrated teaching session for Phase III MBBS students focused on the pharmacology and toxicology of snake venom and the principles of antivenom therapy. The lecture covered the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of snake venoms and antivenoms. Rational use of antivenoms, indications, administration protocols, adverse reactions, and supportive management strategies were discussed. The session also highlighted the translational importance of venom-derived compounds in modern drug development. Recent advances in antivenom research, including recombinant human monoclonal antibodies, toxin-specific inhibitors, synthetic antibody technologies, and next-generation broad-spectrum antivenoms, were reviewed. Current discoveries and emerging approaches aimed at improving efficacy, safety, affordability, and accessibility of antivenom therapy were also explor...

First record of a crab spider Xysticus crispabilis Song & Gao, 1996 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Japan with the first description of a female

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First record of a crab spider Xysticus crispabilis Song & Gao, 1996 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Japan with the first description of a female

ABSTRACT

A crab spider species, Xysticus crispabilis Song & Gao, 1996 (Araneae: Thomisidae), originally described from Anhui, China based on a single male specimen, is newly recorded from Japan. This study represents the second specimen-based record of the species since its original description. Detailed redescriptions of genital morphology, coloration and markings of the male are provided based on fresh material. The previously unknown female is described for the first time. In addition, genital images of the holotype, DNA barcoding data, preliminary molecular phylogeny, and ecological notes are presented.
Suzuki, Y., & Lin, Y. (2026). First record of a crab spider Xysticus crispabilis Song & Gao, 1996 (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Japan with the first description of a female. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2026.03.005