The pholcid spiders of Tunisia (Araneae: Pholcidae): new species, new records, and deep COI divergence in Holocnemus reini

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  The pholcid spiders of Tunisia (Araneae: Pholcidae): new species, new records, and deep COI divergence in Holocnemus reini Abstract Tunisia features a rapid transition between Mediterranean and Saharan biogeographical zones, resulting in a high degree of environmental heterogeneity. Despite this ecological diversity, Tunisian spiders have received limited attention compared to those of neighboring Maghreb countries. Here we combine the results of recent collections in Tunisia focusing on Pholcidae with a comprehensive review of previously published information, resulting in a total of six genera and eleven species. We present first records of the genera Micropholcus Deeleman-Reinhold & Prinsen, 1987 and Spermophorides Wunderlich, 1992 for Tunisia, represented by four new species: M. kahinae Huber sp. nov., M. echebbii Huber sp. nov., S. nabilae Huber & Kmira sp. nov., S. bchirae Huber sp. nov.; in addition, we redescribe S. huberti (Senglet, 1973) from Tunisian specimens,...

A cross-sectional study of scorpion stings in high-risk areas of Islamic Republic of Iran

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A cross-sectional study of scorpion stings in high-risk areas of Islamic Republic of Iran

Abstract 

Background: Scorpion sting is one of the most serious health problems in Islamic Republic of Iran. 

Aim: To investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics, as well as the knowledge, attitude and practices of health workers, physicians and residents regarding scorpion stings in the scorpion-prone southern areas of Kerman Province, Islamic Republic of Iran. 

Methods: Using SPSS version 20, we analysed the 2021 annual epidemiological report of scorpion stings for the southern counties of Kerman Province, including the clinical features of scorpion sting patients. 

Results: A total of 3106 scorpion stings were recorded in 2021, with an average incidence of 390.3 per 100 000. Most (37.5%) stings occurred during the summer months, among children less than 10 years old (22.2%), in rural areas (82.6%), and in the hands (42.3%) and feet (41.2%). Localized reactions included immediate pain and redness (52%), severe pain (8.7%), local burning pain (17.4%), swelling (4.3%) at the site of envenomation, and no reaction (17.6%). Knowledge of health workers and physicians about scorpion stings was generally weak. Health workers were significantly more knowledgeable about the biology of dangerous scorpions (P = 0.003) while physicians were more knowledgeable about black scorpion venom compounds (P = 0.01). 

Conclusion: Efforts should be made to ensure safe housing designs and provide comprehensive education to health workers and community members to help reduce scorpion sting incidence and enhance the management of cases in the province. 

Saman IAG, Dehghan H, Movahed E. A cross-sectional study of scorpion stings in high-risk areas of Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 2026;32(2):77–85. https://doi.org/10.26719/2026.32.2.77.