Evidence of venom variability associated with venom extraction interval in the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia)

Posted by
  Evidence of venom variability associated with venom extraction interval in the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) Abstract Snake venom variability is a critical factor in antivenom production. Although several influencing factors have been studied, the impact of extraction interval on venom properties remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of various extraction intervals on venom yield, the percentage of dry weight (%Dw), and composition in the monocled cobra ( Naja kaouthia ). Twenty-five captive snakes were randomly allocated to five groups, each undergoing a control extraction followed by a repeated extraction at 1, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days. Venom profiles were characterized using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated that while fresh venom yield remained stable across all intervals, %Dw significantly decreased in extractions performed between 1 and 10 days, ...

Letter to the Editor: A Case Report of Delayed, Severe, Paroxysmal Muscle Cramping After Chilean Rose Tarantula (Grammostola rosea) Envenomation

Posted by

 

Roque, L. A. (2026). Letter to the Editor: A Case Report of Delayed, Severe, Paroxysmal Muscle Cramping After Chilean Rose Tarantula (Grammostola rosea) Envenomation. Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.63007 Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c36p0r0

Cole, J., Gooley, B. T, Hughes, K., Gooley, M., Keyler, D., & Vetter, R. (2026). Letter to the Editor . Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.48543 Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xm6x30x

Gooley, B. T, Hughes, K., Gooley, M., Keyler, D., Vetter, R., & Cole, J. (2025). A Case Report of Delayed, Severe, Paroxysmal Muscle Cramping after Chilean Rose Tarantula (Grammostola rosea) Envenomation. Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine, 9(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.24973 Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33z5m3xx