Snake Venom and Antivenom Pharmacology

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  SNAKE VENOM & ANTIVENOM Chemistry, Composition, Mechanisms and Pharmacology Abstract This integrated teaching session for Phase III MBBS students focused on the pharmacology and toxicology of snake venom and the principles of antivenom therapy. The lecture covered the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of snake venoms and antivenoms. Rational use of antivenoms, indications, administration protocols, adverse reactions, and supportive management strategies were discussed. The session also highlighted the translational importance of venom-derived compounds in modern drug development. Recent advances in antivenom research, including recombinant human monoclonal antibodies, toxin-specific inhibitors, synthetic antibody technologies, and next-generation broad-spectrum antivenoms, were reviewed. Current discoveries and emerging approaches aimed at improving efficacy, safety, affordability, and accessibility of antivenom therapy were also explor...

Taxonomic revision of the genus Ceropales Latreille, (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae, Ceropalinae) from Saudi Arabia, with the description of two new species

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Taxonomic revision of the genus Ceropales Latreille, (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae, Ceropalinae) from Saudi Arabia, with the description of two new species

ABSTRACT

The genus Ceropales Latreille, (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae, Ceropalinae) from Saudi Arabia is reviewed. Specimens were primarily collected from the south-western region of the country (Jazan Province). Five species are recognised, of them C. (Ceropales) pseudoaustralensis Gadallah & Malash, sp. n. and C. (Hemiceropales) subcribrata Malash & Gadallah, sp. n. are described and illustrated. An illustrated key and a list of all Ceropales species recorded in Saudi Arabia are also provided.

Malash, A. A., Abu El-Ghiet, U. M., & Gadallah, N. S. (2026). Taxonomic revision of the genus Ceropales Latreille, (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae, Ceropalinae) from Saudi Arabia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History, 60(9–12), 509–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2608931