Spider venom peptides Ht1a and Gg1a are toxic to honeybee parasite Varroa destructor by topical application

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  Spider venom peptides Ht1a and Gg1a are toxic to honeybee parasite Varroa destructor by topical application Abstract Global food supply strongly depends on honeybee pollination services, which are threatened by insecticides and pests such as parasitic Varroa destructor mites. Chemical varroacides/acaricides are hampered by resistance development, necessitating the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives, with arthropod venom peptides being considered promising sources of acaricidal toxins. With only a few acaricidal venom peptides being reported, we performed a systematic topical screening of 50 arthropod venoms against V. destructor , with 78% of the venoms causing 100% mortality after 24 h. Deconvolution of the venoms from the Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes and the Giant Japanese funnel-web spider Gigathele gigas led to identification of the varroacidal peptides Ht1a and Gg1a. Topical application of Ht1a and Gg1a reduced varroa mite ...

Can Scorpion Venom Peptides Be Safely Used in Cardiovascular Therapy: A Systematic Review

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Image Credit: Luis A. Roque, Arácnido Taxonomy

Can Scorpion Venom Peptides Be Safely Used in Cardiovascular Therapy: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Scorpion venom contains numerous bioactive peptides with potent cardiovascular effects, including bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs), ion channel modulators, and cardioprotective molecules. These peptides show promise for conditions such as hypertension, cardiac injury, and arrhythmias. However, concerns regarding toxicity, immunogenicity, and off-target actions have limited their clinical development. This systematic review evaluates the therapeutic potential and safety of scorpion venom peptides for cardiovascular applications. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar identified 1,141 articles. Screening of 463 abstracts and full-text review of 446 eligible studies resulted in 17 publications meeting the inclusion criteria. Extracted data included mechanisms, efficacy, toxicity, and translational challenges. BPPs consistently demonstrated ACE inhibition, B2 receptor activation, and significant antihypertensive effects in animal models. Several peptides also showed cardioprotective activities by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Ion channel-active peptides influenced cardiac electrophysiology, but many showed proarrhythmic risks due to hERG potassium channel blockade or interactions with Nav1.4/1.5 sodium channels. Structure-activity modification studies improved specificity and reduced toxicity in selected variants. Despite encouraging preclinical data, no scorpion venom peptide has progressed to clinical trials for cardiovascular indications. Major barriers include immunogenicity, instability, delivery challenges, and safety concerns. Scorpion venom peptides represent promising leads for novel cardiovascular therapeutics, particularly as antihypertensive and cardioprotective agents. However, significant toxicological and translational limitations remain. Advances in peptide engineering, targeted delivery, and clinical evaluation are crucial for safely harnessing their therapeutic potential.

Binorkar S V, Sawant R, Ukey R N, et al. (March 24, 2026) Can Scorpion Venom Peptides Be Safely Used in Cardiovascular Therapy: A Systematic Review. Cureus 18(3): e105747. doi:10.7759/cureus.105747