Snake Venom and Antivenom Pharmacology

  SNAKE VENOM & ANTIVENOM Chemistry, Composition, Mechanisms and Pharmacology Abstract This integrated teaching session for Phase III MBBS students focused on the pharmacology and toxicology of snake venom and the principles of antivenom therapy. The lecture covered the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of snake venoms and antivenoms. Rational use of antivenoms, indications, administration protocols, adverse reactions, and supportive management strategies were discussed. The session also highlighted the translational importance of venom-derived compounds in modern drug development. Recent advances in antivenom research, including recombinant human monoclonal antibodies, toxin-specific inhibitors, synthetic antibody technologies, and next-generation broad-spectrum antivenoms, were reviewed. Current discoveries and emerging approaches aimed at improving efficacy, safety, affordability, and accessibility of antivenom therapy were also explor...

New data on long-jawed spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnatha) from China

 


New data on long-jawed spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnatha) from China

Abstract

Two species of Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 are described, including one new species, Tetragnatha tricuspidata sp. nov. (♀♂) from Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces, and one Chinese newly recorded species, Tetragnatha hirashimai Okuma, 1987 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province. Detailed descriptions, photographs, and a distribution map of both species are provided.

Liu C, Huang Z, Yin H, Xu X (2026) New data on long-jawed spiders (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnatha) from China. ZooKeys 1269: 225-236. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1269.177630