A Paradigm Shift in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy: From Conventional Antivenoms to Rationally Designed, Broadly Neutralizing Combination Therapies

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  A Paradigm Shift in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy: From Conventional Antivenoms to Rationally Designed, Broadly Neutralizing Combination Therapies Abstract For over a century, polyclonal antivenom has been the cornerstone of snakebite therapy, saving countless lives. However, the current production method, based on immunizing large animals, has inherent limitations in terms of safety, stability, and supply reliability, thereby creating a pressing need for alternative technologies. This review charts the rise of next-generation antivenoms built on recombinant antibody engineering. We systematically survey the strategies for discovering and developing these molecules, from humanized monoclonal antibodies and VHHs to computationally designed proteins. Our central thesis is that achieving broad-spectrum neutralization against complex venoms requires a shift from single-agent approaches to rationally designed, oligoclonal “cocktail” therapies (defined mixtures of a few select therapeut...

Influence of the ABO system on the hemolytic activity of medically relevant Loxosceles venoms in Brazil

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Influence of the ABO system on the hemolytic activity of medically relevant Loxosceles venoms in Brazil

Abstract

Envenomation by Loxosceles spiders is an important public health issue, frequently associated with hemolysis. Although the ABO blood group system influences various diseases, its role in loxoscelism is poorly understood. This study evaluated the effect of ABO types on hemolysis induced by L. intermedia, L. gaucho, and L. laeta venoms, with and without complement. Blood type B erythrocytes showed reduced susceptibility to direct hemolysis, suggesting a potential protective effect and offering new insights for improving loxoscelism management.
Beltramino, M., Jiacomini, I. G., Prado-Costa, B., Fonseca, M. F., Degraf Muzzi, J. C., Ferreira de Moura, J., Minozzo, J. C., Becker-Finco, A., & Alvarenga, L. M. (2026). INFLUENCE OF THE ABO SYSTEM ON THE HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICALLY RELEVANT LOXOSCELES VENOMS IN BRAZIL. Toxicon, 108994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.108994