The first genus with four sac-like structures in the vulva in the cobweb spider subfamily Theridiinae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae: Theridiidae)

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  The first genus with four sac-like structures in the vulva in the cobweb spider subfamily Theridiinae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae: Theridiidae) Abstract The morphological characters of copulatory organs are the most important basis in spiders for identification. In theridiids, a vulva with four sac-like structures is mostly associated with the subfamily Hadrotarsinae but has never been recorded in Theridiinae. Based on specimens collected from subtropical forest canopies in China, a new Theridiinae genus that has four sac-like structures in the vulva is described: Sactheridion gen. nov., with the type species S. chuan gen. & sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, China. Photos, diagnosis, description, and a distribution map of the new genus and new species are provided. Hu, C., Yao, Z., Liu, J. & Xu, X. (2026) The first genus with four sac-like structures in the vulva in the cobweb spider subfamily Theridiinae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae: Theridiidae). Zootaxa, 5884 (1), 167–175. http...

Scorpion envenoming by Parabuthus is a public health concern in Namibia

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Scorpion envenoming by Parabuthus is a public health concern in Namibia

Abstract

Scorpion stings by members of the genus Parabuthus (Buthidae) can lead to life-threatening envenoming. Namibia harbours a rich diversity of scorpions, including seventeen species of the highly venomous genus Parabuthus, although the biology and medical relevance of most species are poorly documented. Severe envenoming is caused by at least P. granulatus, P. villosus, P. kraepelini and P. schlechteri, which are considered to be of particular importance. Data on epidemiology, venom composition and variation, and clinical effects remain scarce. A lack of effective antivenom and long distances to hospitals in rural areas complicate clinical management and compromise patient outcomes.