Harnessing snake venom cardiotoxins for antimicrobial peptide discovery

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  Harnessing snake venom cardiotoxins for antimicrobial peptide discovery Abstract Snake venoms are a rich source of bioactive molecules with considerable potential for drug discovery. Cardiotoxins (CTXs) from cobras ( Naja spp.) are membrane-active venom proteins and promising templates for antimicrobial peptide development. Here, we combined two computational toxin-mining strategies to identify antimicrobial peptide candidates from CTXs. First, AMPA-guided sequence mining was used to detect encrypted antimicrobial regions within CTX sequences. Second, sequence alignment and consensus-sequence analysis were employed to generate peptides from a conserved CTX scaffold. Candidate peptides were prioritised using multiple machine learning- and deep learning-based antimicrobial peptide prediction tools, resulting in fourteen CTX-inspired peptides, including two modified derivatives of CTX-p5. Antimicrobial screening showed limited activity across the peptide panel, with CTX-p5 exhibiti...

A Checklist and Bibliography of Florida Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)

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A Checklist and Bibliography of Florida Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)

ABSTRACT 

Spiders (order Araneae) are among the most diverse and ecologically significant groups of arthropods, with over 53,000 described species worldwide. Florida’s unique geographical position makes it a key region for understanding spider diversity in North America. Here we provide the first comprehensive checklist of Florida spiders, integrating historical literature, records from the Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), and more recent fieldwork. Distribution records by county are provided, species known to be adventive or of uncertain origin are indicated, and undescribed species are documented where known. We find a total of 834 species for Florida, though this falls short of the predicted 900+ species based on regional richness and habitat diversity. This discrepancy may be, in part, a result of under-sampling in Florida’s panhandle and limited revisionary work in hyper-diverse families with many undescribed taxa. The checklist also highlights the growing number of exotic species in the state, though most appear confined to synanthropic or disturbed habitats. This foundational checklist lays the groundwork for advancing future research in taxonomy, ecology, biogeography, and conservation.

Edwards GB, Powell EC. 2025. A Checklist and Bibliography of Florida Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Volume 14: 1–44.https://doi.org/10.64338/fsca.op.14.aur4y.