Systematic revision of the Savignia genus group (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) with notes on their cephalic lobe evolution

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  Systematic revision of the Savignia genus group (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) with notes on their cephalic lobe evolution Abstract The Savignia genus group includes nine morphologically complex yet similar genera where species were assigned based mainly on the cephalic lobes. Among these genera, males of Diplocephalus Bertkau, 1883, Savignia Blackwall, 1833 and Araeoncus Simon, 1884 show some of the most extraordinary cephalic lobes among dwarf spiders (Linyphiidae, Erigoninae). In this study we undertake the first phylogenetic analysis of the Savignia genus group. We use 269 morphological characters (175 newly defined) and 70 taxa (59 ingroup taxa) to reconstruct the relationships and evolutionary trends of cephalic lobes in this lineage. Our findings show that cephalic lobes with varying shapes and sizes appear in several Savignia genus group lineages, highlighting that it is not a good diagnostic character. The high support in several clades allows the redefinition of t...

Snakebites by Bothrops taeniatus: characteristics of snakebites involving a rare venomous snake in Brazil

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By TimVickers - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5401480


Snakebites by Bothrops taeniatus: characteristics of snakebites involving a rare venomous snake in Brazil

ABSTRACT


Snakebites from the genus Bothrops account for up to 90% of venomous snakebites in Brazil. Among these species, Bothrops taeniatus is considered rare in Brazil, with only one reported case in the literature. Its venom has a strong hemorrhagic effect but lacks procoagulant activity, which can lead to significant variations in the neutralizing efficacy of anti-Bothrops serum. We describe the first case of severe envenomation by B. taeniatus with rapid recovery following the administration of anti-Bothrops serum in Brazil, and discuss the characteristics of B. taeniatus envenomation based on a literature review.

Fujii PCYS, Soares BS, Dias ES, Borges HL, Siqueira DED, Ceschim RC. Snakebites by Bothrops taeniatus: characteristics of snakebites involving a rare venomous snake in Brazil. einstein (Sao Paulo). 2025;23:eRC1430. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RC1430