Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Mexican Rattlesnakes

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  Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Mexican Rattlesnakes Abstract Despite the vast biodiversity of Mexican vipers, venom of endemic species has been barely studied. Here we analyzed the venom composition of three endemic species of rattlesnakes: Crotalus aquilus , C. triseriatus , and C. ravus . We used quantitative chromato-mass-spectrometry and compared venoms with C. molossus , a species commonly found in North America, in a comparative and phylogenetic framework. In total, we identified 165 proteins grouped in 19 main protein families, consistent with previous reports for viperid venoms. In C. aquilus and C. triseriatus , the most predominant protein-family type was Serine Proteases, and in C. triseriatus and C. molossus it was Snake Venom Metalloproteases. The Label-free quantification revealed a high proportion of Snake Venom Metalloproteases in C. aquilus , C. triseriatus , and C. molossus , reaching 28–47% of the total venom. In contrast, in ...

Advancements in Understanding Snake Venom: A Comprehensive Review of Biochemical Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Therapeutic Applications

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Advancements in Understanding Snake Venom: A Comprehensive Review of Biochemical Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

Snake venom, a complex mixture of bioactive molecules evolved for predation and defence, has captivated researchers for its diverse pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. This review comprehensively examines the composition, mechanisms of action, clinical manifestations of envenomation, and therapeutic applications of snake venom components. We look into the complex interplay between venom toxins and their targets within the prey's body, elucidating the pathophysiological effects of envenomation on humans and animals. Antivenom therapy, the primary treatment modality for snakebite envenomation, is discussed in detail, highlighting challenges in accessibility, efficacy, and future directions for improvement. Furthermore, we explore the burgeoning field of venom-based drug discovery, showcasing innovative approaches to pain management, cancer therapy, and neurological disorders. With a focus on interdisciplinary collaboration, biotechnological innovation, and community engagement, we envision a future where snake venom research translates into impactful solutions for global health challenges. This review underscores the importance of understanding and harnessing the therapeutic potential of snake venom, paving the way for novel treatments and interventions that benefit human and animal well-being worldwide.

Anjan Kumar Chanda. 2025. “Advancements in Understanding Snake Venom: A Comprehensive Review of Biochemical Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Therapeutic Applications”. Asian Journal of Research in Zoology 8 (4):81–102. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2025/v8i4222.