Differential Hematotoxic Activity of Southeast Asian Pit Viper Venoms: The Cross-Neutralizing Effect of Available Antivenoms

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  Image Credit: Creative Commons (some rights reserved) CC BY-NC Photo 111998430, (c) Nicholas Hess Differential Hematotoxic Activity of Southeast Asian Pit Viper Venoms: The Cross-Neutralizing Effect of Available Antivenoms Abstract Background/Objectives : Pit vipers (subfamily Crotalinae) are responsible for a large proportion of snakebite envenoming cases in Southeast Asia. Envenomation by these snakes commonly causes hematotoxic effects, including platelet dysfunction and coagulation disturbances. Although antivenom remains the mainstay of treatment, species-specific antivenoms are not available for several regional pit viper species. This study evaluated the hematotoxic activities of selected Southeast Asian pit viper venoms and the cross-neutralizing capacity of commercially available antivenoms.  Methods : Venoms from five medically important pit viper species— Calloselasma rhodostoma ,  Trimeresurus albolabris ,  T. hageni ,  T. purpureomaculatus , ...

Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species

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Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species

Abstract

Here, we conducted a review of the Chinese species of the spider wasp genus Episyron Schiødte, 1837. Two new species, Episyron fulvimaculatus Song & Li, sp. nov. and Episyron immaculatus Song & Ma, sp. nov., from Yunnan and Inner Mongolia are described and illustrated, respectively. The male of E. rufotibius Anju, Girish Kumar & Thejass, 2024 is described for the first time. Additionally, three newly recorded species, E. albonotatum (Vander Linden, 1827), E. rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758), and E. rufotibius Anju, Girish Kumar & Thejass, 2024 are reported from Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, and Guangdong in China. The diagnoses are given for three known species and one subspecies from China. An illustrated key to Chinese species is provided.

Song Z, Dong L, Ma L, Li Q (2025) Review and key of the Chinese species of the genus Episyron Schiødte (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae), including descriptions of two new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72(2): 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.72.138061