Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling

Posted by
  Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling Abstract Introduction Sanguisorba officinalis L. ( Di Yu ) has traditionally been used for snakebite treatment. Ziyuglycoside I, a major bioactive constituent of Di Yu , exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but its role in snake venom-associated renal injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate its potential protective effects against Deinagkistrodon acutus venom (DAV)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury in vitro. Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to DAV to establish an in vitro renal tubular epithelial injury model. Cellular metabolic activity and intracellular ATP levels were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and CellTiter-Glo assays, respectively. DAV-induced molecular alterations were examined by transcriptomic sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. PAR1 knockdown and pharmacological...

A new species of Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 belonging to the tranquillus species group (Araneae: Trachelidae) from southern Mexico

Posted by

 


A new species of Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 belonging to the tranquillus species group (Araneae: Trachelidae) from southern Mexico

The family Trachelidae comprises 29 genera and 300 species recognized worldwide (World Spider Catalog 2025). In North America, two genera have been recorded: Meriola Banks, 1895, and Trachelas L. Koch, 1872. Trachelas is the most diverse genus within Trachelidae, with 93 species documented globally. It has been suggested that the New World representatives of this genus are not congeneric with the type species or other Old World members due to substantial somatic and genitalic differences (see Platnick & Shadab 1974a: 3 for further discussion, particularly regarding American species).

Chamé-Vázquez, D. & Chamé-Vázquez, E. R. (2025). A new species of Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 belonging to the tranquillus species group (Araneae: Trachelidae) from southern Mexico. Zootaxa 5683(2): 294-300. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5683.2.9