Truncated life history underlies rapid local adaptation in island rattlesnake venom expression

  Truncated life history underlies rapid local adaptation in island rattlesnake venom expression Abstract Rapid adaptive evolution may be more likely to occur not only through standing genetic variation but via existing axes of genetic variation that have previously been exposed to selection. Ontogenetic variation represents one such axis and often evolves under strong selection in snake venoms. Snake venoms are complex cocktails of proteinaceous toxins, and ontogenetic shifts in venom expression are frequent and reflect dietary shifts across life history. Here, we used morphological, proteomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and optical genome mapping data to investigate a well-studied island-mainland population pair of eastern diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus) to determine whether rapid adaptive expression divergence across populations occurred through the co-option of the ontogenetic regulatory network, population-specific changes independent of ontogeny, or a combinat...

Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia

 


Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia

Abstract

Based on morphological evidence and prior molecular phylogenetic results by Liu et al., a new genus, Asiopisinus gen. nov., is described from East Asia. The new genus comprises A. cheni sp. nov. (♂♀) as the type species, along with seven species transferred from Episinus Walckenaer, 1809: A. anfu (Liang, Liu, Yin & Yu, 2025) comb. nov., A. baoshanensis (Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019) comb. nov., A. implicatus (Liang, Liu, Yin & Yu, 2025) comb. nov., A. nubilus (Yaginuma, 1960) comb. nov., A. ornithorhynchus (Liu, Agnarsson, Liu & Zhu, 2022) comb. nov., A. pseudonubilus (Liang, Liu, Yin & Yu, 2025) comb. nov., and A. yoshidai (Okuma, 1994) comb. nov.. The male of A. implicatus (Liang, Liu, Yin & Yu, 2025) comb. nov. is described for the first time. In addition, remarks and photos of some Chinese Episinus species are provided. The distribution records of all Asiopisinus gen. nov. species have been mapped.

Hu, C., Wei, M., Liu, J. & Xu, X. (2025) Asiopisinus gen. nov., a new genus of the family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from eastern Asia. Zootaxa, 5660 (4), 475–504. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5660.4.2