Inter-individual variability in equine antibody responses to African snake venoms follows heavy-tailed distributions with implications for antivenom production

  Inter-individual variability in equine antibody responses to African snake venoms follows heavy-tailed distributions with implications for antivenom production Abstract Variability in the antibody response of horses used for snake antivenom manufacture is well recognized, yet its statistical structure and implications for industrial productivity remain poorly characterized. In this study, we quantified antivenom antibody titers by ELISA in a cohort of 14 horses immunized with venoms from the clinically most important snakes in sub-Saharan Africa. To integrate antibody levels with plasma availability, we calculated the Cumulative Plasma Productivity (CPP) by converting individual plasma volumes into titer-corrected equivalents and sequentially pooling these volumes according to their corrected contribution. Distributional analysis revealed right-skewed, heavy-tailed patterns better approximated by a log-normal model than by a strict Pareto (power-law) form, with approximately 20–3...

Theraphosid medicine: what to do when something is peculiar with the tarantula

 


Theraphosid medicine: what to do when something is peculiar with the tarantula

Abstract

Background: With over 1060 species reported and a considerable number of these kept in captivity, theraphosid spiders, also known as tarantulas, have become a significant part of private and zoological collections, hence necessitating a greater demand for veterinary expertise.

Aim of the article: This comprehensive review addresses the unique challenges in tarantula care. It delves into the application of diagnostic tools like histology, radiography, haematology and microbiology in tarantulas, and discusses how to gather clinically relevant data for effective treatment planning of common conditions. It also outlines adaptations to cater treatments to tarantulas' unique anatomy, and offers guidance on drug selection and veterinary procedures, as well as covering humane euthanasia methods.


Update: 17 December, 2023

Dr. Kennedy has reached out to me and asked that anyone with an interest in this paper please request the paper directly from him on ResearchGate here: Benjamin Kennedy ResearchGate.

Kennedy, B. (2023), Theraphosid medicine: what to do when something is peculiar with the tarantula. In Practice, 45: 544-554. https://doi.org/10.1002/inpr.371