All genera of the world: Order Scorpiones (Animalia: Arthropoda: Arachnida)

Posted by
  All genera of the world: Order Scorpiones (Animalia: Arthropoda: Arachnida) Abstract The present contribution provides a consensus classification of the arachnid Order Scorpiones C.L. Koch, 1850, and updates the counts of extant and extinct genera and species through the end of 2025. Including the revisions implemented herein, there are 459 genus-group names available in Scorpiones by the end of 2025. Of these, 318 refer to currently accepted extant genera (220), subfossil genera (1) and extinct genera (97). Fifty-four genus-group names are newly synonymized, raising to 145 the number in synonymy, whereas sixteen genus-group names are revalidated and/or newly elevated to the rank of genus. Including the revisions implemented herein, Scorpiones includes 3,089 currently accepted species-group names (2,918 extant species, 1 subfossil species, and 170 extinct species) and 22 nomina dubia. Forty-seven species-group names are newly synonymized, whereas 43 species-group names are revali...

Combining Thiophene-Triazole Hybrids with Bothropic Antivenom to Enhance Its Inhibitory Effect Against the Coagulant Activity of Bothrops Jararaca, B. Neuwiedi, and B. Jararacussu Snake Venoms

Posted by

 

By Leandro Avelar - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49733697

Combining Thiophene-Triazole Hybrids with Bothropic Antivenom to Enhance Its Inhibitory Effect Against the Coagulant Activity of Bothrops Jararaca, B. Neuwiedi, and B. Jararacussu Snake Venoms

Abstract


Introduction:  Snakebite envenomation causes approximately 5 million incidents, 130,000 deaths, and 400,000 amputations annually worldwide. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the ability of 16 thiophene-triazole hybrid compounds (– and –) to inhibit the coagulant activity of , , and  venoms in combination with commercial antibothropic antivenom.

Method:

In the experimental prevention protocol, human plasma or commercial fibrinogen was incubated for 60 seconds at 37°C with the study compounds, with or without antivenom, followed by the addition of snake venoms. In the treatment protocol, each venom was incubated with plasma or fibrinogens for 60 seconds at 37°C, and then the study compounds, with or without antivenom, were added to the medium. Clotting was monitored using a digital coagulometer.

Results:

The study compounds inhibited the coagulation of plasma and fibrinogen caused by  venom under both protocols, but they did not inhibit  venom under the treatment protocol. Overall, the coagulation inhibition was more effective when the study compounds were mixed with antivenom, and some compounds achieved complete prevention of venom-induced coagulation.

Discussion:

A combination of compounds with antivenom enhanced efficacy in preventing the coagulant activity of  venoms.

Conclusion:

A drug cocktail comprising the most active compounds mixed with antivenom may be a promising strategy to improve the treatment of envenomation by these snake species.


de Oliveira, B. B., Sanchez, E. F., Portella, D. P., Ferreira, V. F., de Carvalho da Silva, F., Gomes Gonzaga, D. T., & Fuly, A. L. (2026). Combining thiophene-triazole hybrids with bothropic antivenom to enhance its inhibitory effect against the coagulant activity of Bothrops jararaca, B. neuwiedi, and B. jararacussu snake venoms. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266460346260318041601