Differential Hematotoxic Activity of Southeast Asian Pit Viper Venoms: The Cross-Neutralizing Effect of Available Antivenoms

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  Image Credit: Creative Commons (some rights reserved) CC BY-NC Photo 111998430, (c) Nicholas Hess Differential Hematotoxic Activity of Southeast Asian Pit Viper Venoms: The Cross-Neutralizing Effect of Available Antivenoms Abstract Background/Objectives : Pit vipers (subfamily Crotalinae) are responsible for a large proportion of snakebite envenoming cases in Southeast Asia. Envenomation by these snakes commonly causes hematotoxic effects, including platelet dysfunction and coagulation disturbances. Although antivenom remains the mainstay of treatment, species-specific antivenoms are not available for several regional pit viper species. This study evaluated the hematotoxic activities of selected Southeast Asian pit viper venoms and the cross-neutralizing capacity of commercially available antivenoms.  Methods : Venoms from five medically important pit viper species— Calloselasma rhodostoma ,  Trimeresurus albolabris ,  T. hageni ,  T. purpureomaculatus , ...

Spiders of the Orsiera Rocciavrè Natural Park and Foresto Ravine Natural Reserve (NW Italy): a faunistic synthesis with data from the “Biodiversity Monitoring Project”

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Spiders of the Orsiera Rocciavrè Natural Park and Foresto Ravine Natural Reserve (NW Italy): a faunistic synthesis with data from the “Biodiversity Monitoring Project”

We present an inventory of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) inhabiting the Orsiera Rocciavrè Natural Park and the Foresto Ravine Nature Reserve (NW Italy). This work combines data from bibliographic sources, unpublished material, and new sampling carried out between 2018 and 2019 as part of the “Biodiversity Monitoring Project,” supplemented by verified iNaturalist observations. In total, we report 212 species belonging to 128 genera and 32 families, including 12 new records for Piedmont. The Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859 and the Gnaphosidae Banks, 1892 are the most represented families, as in other Alpine parks. Most species exhibit Palearctic or European distributions, with a small proportion being endemic, including rare species such as Rhode testudinea Pesarini, 1984, for which new morphological illustrations are provided. The new data presented here allowed us to investigate species richness and abundance along altitudinal gradients, revealing different patterns between transects. In addition, we conducted an indicator species analysis to identify key species within the altitudinal zonation. Beyond the faunal contribution, we emphasize the importance of faunal inventories as a baseline for future studies on the conservation ecology of spiders, particularly within protected areas.

TOLVE M., Rizzioli B., PANE A. & ISAIA M. 2026. — Spiders of the Orsiera Rocciavrè Natural Park and Foresto Ravine Natural Reserve (NW Italy): a faunistic synthesis with data from the “Biodiversity Monitoring Project”. Zoosystema  48 (6): 139-195. https://doi.org/10.5252/zoosystema2026v48a6 . http://zoosystema.com/48/6