Truncated life history underlies rapid local adaptation in island rattlesnake venom expression

  Truncated life history underlies rapid local adaptation in island rattlesnake venom expression Abstract Rapid adaptive evolution may be more likely to occur not only through standing genetic variation but via existing axes of genetic variation that have previously been exposed to selection. Ontogenetic variation represents one such axis and often evolves under strong selection in snake venoms. Snake venoms are complex cocktails of proteinaceous toxins, and ontogenetic shifts in venom expression are frequent and reflect dietary shifts across life history. Here, we used morphological, proteomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and optical genome mapping data to investigate a well-studied island-mainland population pair of eastern diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus) to determine whether rapid adaptive expression divergence across populations occurred through the co-option of the ontogenetic regulatory network, population-specific changes independent of ontogeny, or a combinat...

Preliminary evaluation of a monovalent antivenom targeting Cerastes cerastes envenomation in North Africa: feasibility and specificity assessment

 


Preliminary evaluation of a monovalent antivenom targeting Cerastes cerastes envenomation in North Africa: feasibility and specificity assessment

Abstract

In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized snakebite envenomation as a neglected disease yet the therapeutic effectiveness efficacy of available antivenoms remains insufficiently explored. This study offers a detailed analysis of Cerastes cerastes venom, focusing its toxicological properties and the development of specific targeted neutralizing antibodies. Through rigorous quality control and comprehensive efficacy testing, the antivenom demonstrated significant neutralizing activity against critical venom components, including hemorrhagic, edema-forming, and myotoxic effects while also mitigating tissue damage. Histological investigations further corroborated the antivenom’s protective capacity. These findings not only underscore the potential of the developed antivenom for clinical use but also provide essential insights for advancing antivenom production, refining its specificity, and enhancing its therapeutic efficacy in managing snake envenomations.

Mesmoudi, N., Chakir, S., Ammouch, K., Chahir, R., Aassila, H., Moustaghfir, A., Karkouri, M., & Oukkache, N. (2026). Preliminary evaluation of a monovalent antivenom targeting Cerastes cerastes envenomation in North Africa: Feasibility and specificity assessment. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 17, 1719611. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1719611