Snakebite epidemiology in the State of Mexico, Mexico 2003-2024

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  Snakebite epidemiology in the State of Mexico, Mexico 2003-2024 Abstract In the State of Mexico, several venomous snakes have low median lethal doses, which therefore pose serious health risks. We analyzed the epidemiology of snakebites from 2003 to 2024 and examined their relationship with demographic, socioeconomic, and biological factors. Incidence rates and demographic characteristics were calculated, and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were used to identify snakebite hotspots. We also applied Non-Metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) to explore associations between hotspot categories and socioeconomic conditions. The potential distribution of 14 venomous snake species was modelled to estimate venomous snake diversity across municipalities. A total of 3,972 cases were reported, with an increasing trend over time. Most bites occurred in summer, affecting mainly males aged 25-44. Hotspot analysis identified 27 municipalities as hotspots, 50 as not significant and 48 as coldspots. So...

Sulfated Fucosyl-Guanosines: Understudied Compounds from Spider Venom

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Sulfated Fucosyl-Guanosines: Understudied Compounds from Spider Venom

Abstract

Low molecular mass compounds are the least understood among the components of spider venom. Sulfated fucosyl-guanosines originally detected from Hololena curta McCook are unique and rarely found in nature. While their synthetic counterparts are widely used as antibiotics. The present work compiles the current knowledge of these molecules, exploring their potential biogenetic origin. Additional topics highlight biochemistry and their significance as natural products with potential for pharmaceutical developments.
Carvajal, M. A., & Victor Fajardo, M. (2026). Sulfated Fucosyl-Guanosines: Understudied Compounds from Spider Venom. Toxicon, 109033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.109033