Hidden diversity in plain sight: four new species of Nemesia (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) from the Córdoba Province of Spain

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  Hidden diversity in plain sight: four new species of Nemesia (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) from the Córdoba Province of Spain Abstract A taxonomic revision of the species of Nemesia Audouin, 1826, distributed in the vicinity of Córdoba City, southern Spain, is presented. Four new species are described: Nemesia morana sp. nov. (female), N. kodama sp. nov. (male and female), N. rosae sp. nov. (male and female), and N. tamajoni sp. nov. (male and female). These species are distinguished by distinct morphological characters, including the shape of the spermathecae, palpal bulbs, and spinnerets, as well as by burrow architecture. Fieldwork was conducted across two of the three major habitat types in the region—the humid, forested mountains of Sierra Morena and the croplands and riparian forests of the Guadalquivir Valley—while the third, the “campiña”, which is mainly composed of agricultural landscapes, remains poorly explored. Sampling methods included pitfall trapping and the direct e...

Severe Viper Envenomation: A Case Report From Portugal

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Severe Viper Envenomation: A Case Report From Portugal

Abstract

Snakebite envenomation is uncommon in Portugal but may lead to significant morbidity when systemic toxicity develops. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman who presented with hypotension, progressive limb edema, and venom-induced coagulopathy following a viper bite. The progression of edema, together with systemic toxicity, prompted early antivenom administration and transfer to an intermediate care unit, with a second dose required in response to persistent edema. Supportive management included fluid resuscitation, limb elevation, and empirical antibiotic therapy for persistent fever. The patient showed progressive clinical and laboratory improvement, ultimately achieving full recovery. This case underscores the importance of early recognition of systemic toxicity and timely antivenom therapy to prevent severe complications associated with viper envenomation.

Vitó Madureira B, Prucha Leite N, Costa D, et al. (January 23, 2026) Severe Viper Envenomation: A Case Report From Portugal. Cureus 18(1): e102157. doi:10.7759/cureus.102157