Snake Venom and Antivenom Pharmacology

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  SNAKE VENOM & ANTIVENOM Chemistry, Composition, Mechanisms and Pharmacology Abstract This integrated teaching session for Phase III MBBS students focused on the pharmacology and toxicology of snake venom and the principles of antivenom therapy. The lecture covered the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of snake venoms and antivenoms. Rational use of antivenoms, indications, administration protocols, adverse reactions, and supportive management strategies were discussed. The session also highlighted the translational importance of venom-derived compounds in modern drug development. Recent advances in antivenom research, including recombinant human monoclonal antibodies, toxin-specific inhibitors, synthetic antibody technologies, and next-generation broad-spectrum antivenoms, were reviewed. Current discoveries and emerging approaches aimed at improving efficacy, safety, affordability, and accessibility of antivenom therapy were also explor...

Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay

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Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay

Abstract

The Neotropical tarantula genus Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 is reviewed. After examining type specimens and redescribing several species, H. stradlingi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and H. strabo (Simon, 1892) are considered junior synonyms of H. familiare Bertkau, 1880; henceforth, the senior synonym of the type species of the genus, and now with a known male representative. H. nigrum is considered nomem dubium. Additionally, Homoeomma hirsutum (Mello-Leitão, 1935) is considered junior synonym of H. montanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923). We also describe the female of H. brasilianum (Chamberlin, 1917). Homoeomma now comprises 12 valid species distributed across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay.

Galleti-Lima, A., Yamamoto, F.U., Lucas, S.M., Guadanucci, J.P.L. & Brescovit, A.D. (2026) Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa, 5752 (2), 211–237. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3