Combining Thiophene-Triazole Hybrids with Bothropic Antivenom to Enhance Its Inhibitory Effect Against the Coagulant Activity of Bothrops Jararaca, B. Neuwiedi, and B. Jararacussu Snake Venoms

Posted by
  By Leandro Avelar - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49733697 Combining Thiophene-Triazole Hybrids with Bothropic Antivenom to Enhance Its Inhibitory Effect Against the Coagulant Activity of Bothrops Jararaca, B. Neuwiedi, and B. Jararacussu Snake Venoms Abstract Introduction:   Snakebite envenomation causes approximately 5 million incidents, 130,000 deaths, and 400,000 amputations annually worldwide. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the ability of 16 thiophene-triazole hybrid compounds ( 6a – 6h  and  7a – 7h ) to inhibit the coagulant activity of  Bothrops jararaca ,  B. neuwiedi , and  B. jararacussu  venoms in combination with commercial antibothropic antivenom. Method: In the experimental prevention protocol, human plasma or commercial fibrinogen was incubated for 60 seconds at 37°C with the study compounds, with or without antivenom, followed by the addition of snake venoms. In the ...

The chemosensory toolkit of the cursorial spider Pisaura mirabilis

Posted by

 


The chemosensory toolkit of the cursorial spider Pisaura mirabilis

Abstract

Chemical sensing is essential for animals to locate food, avoid predators, and find mates. Like many arthropods, spiders rely on chemosensory inputs, but their toolkit remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the basics of chemosensing in the cursorial spider Pisaura mirabilis. Using electron microscopy, we identified two types of chemosensory sensilla. Tip-pore sensilla occur on legs and pedipalps of both sexes, while wall-pore sensilla are found on walking legs of adult males only. Tip-pore sensilla are classified as contact chemosensilla, while wall-pore sensilla are classified as odor-detecting sensilla. Our behavioral studies confirm that males are attracted to female odor. The distribution of these sensilla types supports their functions: tip-pore sensilla occur mainly at the tips of the legs, whereas wall-pore sensilla occur closer to leg bases, not contacting the substrate. These findings expand our knowledge of chemosensing in spiders and have implications for research on arthropod chemical ecology.

Talukder, M. B., Müller, C. H., Fischer, A., Mahimkar, V., Wolff, J. O., & Uhl, G. B. (2025). The chemosensory toolkit of the cursorial spider Pisaura mirabilis. Communications Biology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-09127-z