Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation

Posted by
  Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation Abstract Snake venom is a complex and dynamic ecological trait, with high potential for intraspecific variation. In this study, the venom composition of the Iberian adder ( Vipera seoanei ) from the Peneda Mountains of northern Portugal was investigated to explore whether venom varies with body size and sex. Venom proteomes from six individuals representing juvenile, subadult, and adult males and females were characterised using LC–MS/MS, while individual variation was assessed from SDS–PAGE profiles of 18 snakes. LC–MS/MS identified 144 proteins, dominated by phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), snake venom serine proteases (svSP), and C-type lectin-related proteins (CTL). Descriptive comparisons revealed contrasting individual profiles, particularly between the juvenile male, characterised by high svSP and svMP abundance, and the juvenile female, characterised by high ...

A trial study on the spider diversity (Araneae species) in Agartala City of West Tripura district in Tripura,India

Posted by

 


A trial study on the spider diversity (Araneae species) in Agartala City of West Tripura district in Tripura, India

Abstract

This study reported the diversity of spiders in Agartala city of West Tripura district in Tripura, India. A total of 9 families, 14 genera and 16 species were recorded. The most abundant family was found Araneidae (25%), followed by Salticidae (18.5%), Sparassidae and Nephilidae (12.5%), and Sicariidae, Pholcidae, Therididae, Tetragnathidae, and Thomisidae presented similar percentage of abundance (6.25%) in this study. This study exclusively reports for the first time the presence of the Sicariidae family in Tripura, along with morphological characters and behaviours, like web-building structure and activity time, were also analyzed for the spiders collected in this study.

Pal, A., Chandrakar, U. A trial study on the spider diversity (Araneae species) in Agartala City of West Tripura district in Tripura,India. Int J Trop Insect Sci (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-025-01700-7