Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Mexican Rattlesnakes

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  Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Mexican Rattlesnakes Abstract Despite the vast biodiversity of Mexican vipers, venom of endemic species has been barely studied. Here we analyzed the venom composition of three endemic species of rattlesnakes: Crotalus aquilus , C. triseriatus , and C. ravus . We used quantitative chromato-mass-spectrometry and compared venoms with C. molossus , a species commonly found in North America, in a comparative and phylogenetic framework. In total, we identified 165 proteins grouped in 19 main protein families, consistent with previous reports for viperid venoms. In C. aquilus and C. triseriatus , the most predominant protein-family type was Serine Proteases, and in C. triseriatus and C. molossus it was Snake Venom Metalloproteases. The Label-free quantification revealed a high proportion of Snake Venom Metalloproteases in C. aquilus , C. triseriatus , and C. molossus , reaching 28–47% of the total venom. In contrast, in ...

SpiderATLAS: A Database of Spider Traits and Distributions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

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SpiderATLAS: A Database of Spider Traits and Distributions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

ABSTRACT

Aim

Biodiversity shortfalls related to limited knowledge about geographic distribution (Wallacean) and species traits (Raunkiæran) are extremely common in many animal groups and perhaps more evident in invertebrate groups such as spiders. This lack of knowledge could present challenges for researchers investigating the response and effects of spiders along large spatial scales, particularly in the Global South. The aim of the SpiderATLAS is to facilitate research that links macroecology, biogeography, trait-based ecology and global change biology.

Location

Brazilian Atlantic Forest, spanning virtually the entire eastern coastline of Brazil, encompassing 1,620,000 km2, 30 degrees of latitude (3° 42′ S to 33° 31′ S), and 22 degrees of longitude (34° 50′ W to 56° 45′ W).

Taxon

Spiders (Class Araneae), including 1648 species from 63 families.

Methods

We compiled the spatial distribution (i.e., occurrence data) and data on morphological characteristics and derived traits for spider species from species descriptions, taxonomic revisions and personal collection. Species occurrences were extracted from several data sources spanning from the 1880s to 2023. Data on the morphological traits of species were compiled from taxonomic and diversity inventory papers published between 1833 and 2024.

Results

We provide 9369 georeferenced point locations and six morphological traits (body length, prosoma length, prosoma width, prosoma height, femur I length, and patella I length) for 1648 spider species. Most data are available for females and males. The dataset and code are available to download from Dryad, World Spider Trait database, and the ZooTraits app.

Main Conclusions

The SpiderATLAS can be useful to access information on the distribution and traits of spiders, contributing to the development of macroecological, biogeographical and trait-based ecology. This dataset can also facilitate the biodiversity conservation of one of the most abundant and important arthropod predators on the planet, in a biodiversity hotspot.


Boldorini, G. X., Martins, P. M., Brescovit, A. D., Santos, A. J., Carvalho, L. S., Oliveira, U., Russo, P., B. Brito, J. C., Barbosa, A. P., Bezerra Rodrigues, A. C., Cantalice, A. S., B. Rodrigues, A. A., Chaves, D., F. Gusmão, R. A., Magalhães, A. R., Ferreira, H. G., & Gonçalves-Souza, T. SpiderATLAS: A Database of Spider Traits and Distributions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Journal of Biogeography, e70081. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.70081