Snake venom toxins in cancer therapy: advances in targeted delivery and peptide design

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  Snake venom toxins in cancer therapy: advances in targeted delivery and peptide design Abstract Snake venom represents a potent biological arsenal of cytotoxic compounds. Venom proteins and peptides, including disintegrins, venomous enzymes, three-finger toxins, and serine proteases, have garnered attention as effective anticancer agents. Despite their efficacy at nano- or micromolar concentrations, non-standardized mixtures often limit their therapeutic utilization, necessitating fractionation to minimize side effects. This review examines the antitumor potential of snake venom and its constituent proteins and peptides through a literature search in NCBI PubMed. We highlight the antitumor efficacies of venom polypeptides by correlating them with IC 50 values across various cell lines, demonstrating micromolar cytotoxic concentrations. The review encompasses several key areas: whole venom antitumor efficacy, mechanisms of action of individual proteins and peptides, fractionation...

On the spider genus Spanioplanus (Araneae: Linyphiidae): three new species from Uruguay and Argentina

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On the spider genus Spanioplanus (Araneae: Linyphiidae): three new species from Uruguay and Argentina

ABSTRACT

Three new species of the genus Spanioplanus Millidge (Araneae: Linyphiidae) are described: Spanioplanus juru n. sp. (male and female) from riparian forests and psammophilus scrublands in Uruguay, Spanioplanus holmbergi n. sp. (male and female) and Spanioplanus olejniki n. sp. (female) from riparian forests and hilly systems in central-eastern Argentina. Photographs and illustrations of somatic and sexual characters of the species are provided. Furthermore, data of the natural history and a distribution map for these species are presented together with an updated diagnosis of the genus. These findings document a higher species number of this previously monotypic genus and expand its known distribution in South America.

CAJADE, M., CARRIÓN, N., HAGOPIÁN, D., ZAPATA, L., GRISMADO, C., & SIMÓ, M. . (2025). On the spider genus <em>Spanioplanus</em> (Araneae: Linyphiidae): three new species from Uruguay and Argentina. Revista De La Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 84(3), e0302. Retrieved from https://www.biotaxa.org/RSEA/article/view/86932