Snake Venom and Antivenom Pharmacology

  SNAKE VENOM & ANTIVENOM Chemistry, Composition, Mechanisms and Pharmacology Abstract This integrated teaching session for Phase III MBBS students focused on the pharmacology and toxicology of snake venom and the principles of antivenom therapy. The lecture covered the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of snake venoms and antivenoms. Rational use of antivenoms, indications, administration protocols, adverse reactions, and supportive management strategies were discussed. The session also highlighted the translational importance of venom-derived compounds in modern drug development. Recent advances in antivenom research, including recombinant human monoclonal antibodies, toxin-specific inhibitors, synthetic antibody technologies, and next-generation broad-spectrum antivenoms, were reviewed. Current discoveries and emerging approaches aimed at improving efficacy, safety, affordability, and accessibility of antivenom therapy were also explor...

Taxonomic notes on Paratobias F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: updated diagnosis and a new species description (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae)

 


Taxonomic notes on Paratobias F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: updated diagnosis and a new species description (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae)

Abstract

The recently revalidated genus Paratobias has its diagnosis and description updated in the present paper. The male of P. championi is described for the first time, and the new species P. invictus sp. nov. is described based on both sexes. New distribution records for the genus are provided.

Machado, M., Guzati, C. & Teixeira, R.A. (2025) Taxonomic notes on Paratobias F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900: updated diagnosis and a new species description (Araneae, Thomisidae, Stephanopinae). Zootaxa, 5692 (2), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.10