Distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of Heterometrus laoticus and Lychas mucronatus scorpion venoms on cardiovascular and renal functions

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  Distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of Heterometrus laoticus and Lychas mucronatus scorpion venoms on cardiovascular and renal functions Abstract Background:    Heterometrus laoticus and Lychas mucronatus are widely distributed in Southeast Asia, yet their pathophysiological effects of both venoms remain poorly characterized due to low human fatality rates. This study compared their venom compositions and acute cardiovascular and renal effects. Methods:   Anesthetized male New Zealand White rabbits were monitored for blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and renal clearance following intravenous administration of crude venom (0.5 mg/kg). Venom components were identified via LC-MS/MS, and hematological/biochemical parameters were assessed. Results:    H. laoticus venom induced a rapid, transient hypotension ( p < 0.05), followed by a mild, prolonged hypotensive phase (up to 120 min). Conversely, L. mucronatus venom elicited a biphasic response: ...

Lipidomics of Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus ruruima venoms, the two major viperids involved in human envenomings in the Brazilian Amazon

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Lipidomics of Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus ruruima venoms, the two major viperids involved in human envenomings in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract

Recent investigations into the lipid constituents of snake venoms have yielded intriguing findings. Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus ruruima are the primary species responsible for snakebite envenomation in the Brazilian Amazon. However, the lipid compounds present in their venoms remain unknown. To address this gap, a lipidomic approach based on LC–HRMS (Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry) was employed to profile the lipid classes, subclasses, and species in the venoms of B. atrox and C. d. ruruima (yellow and white variations). The venom of B. atrox and the yellow variant of C. d. ruruima showed comparable profiles, with higher proportions of glycerolipids (55% and 46%, respectively) and glycerophospholipids (31% and 37%, respectively). In contrast, the white venom of C. d. ruruima showed a higher sphingolipid content (51%). Lipidomic analysis revealed multi-lipid species, with a high abundance of lipids from the subclasses sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, monoalkylglycerol, and triacylglycerol, as well as monoacylglycerol, cardiolipins, glycerophosphoinositol, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesteryl esters. The lipids annotated are known to play diverse biological roles, particularly in cellular structure and signaling. This study is the first to characterize the lipid components in the venom of these snake species, contributing to a deeper understanding of their chemical composition and opening new avenues for investigating the roles of these compounds in snake venom.

Maciel, J.B., Nardini, V., Carvalho, N.S. et al. Lipidomics of Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus ruruima venoms, the two major viperids involved in human envenomings in the Brazilian Amazon. Arch Toxicol (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-025-04200-2