Big Spider, Big Genome: Chromosome-level genome of a North American tarantula (Aphonopelma marxi) and comparative genomics across 300 million years of spider evolution

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  Image Credit: WikiCommons Big Spider, Big Genome: Chromosome-level genome of a North American tarantula (Aphonopelma marxi) and comparative genomics across 300 million years of spider evolution Abstract The comparison of chromosome-level genomes allows biologists to investigate new axes of organismal evolution. Spiders comprise a significant proportion of known arachnid diversity, with many complex morphologies and unique natural histories, yet comparative genomics in spiders has been limited due to the number of available genomes. We present a de novo chromosomal reference genome of a mature male tarantula, Aphonopelma marxi, and comparatively examine spider genome evolution across the Order Araneae. Using PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing, the final 6.5 Gb assembly consists of 17 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 127 unplaced scaffolds, with an N50 of 370 Mb and Arachnida (odb10; 2934 genes) BUSCO of 96.7%. By comparing 20 additional spider genomes from 15 families, we find mygalomo...

(How to) Make Paris' Arachnids collections great again?

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(How to) Make Paris' Arachnids collections great again?

The French Natural History Museum’s arachnid collection is one of the world’s largest. It includes a total of about 3 million specimens from the twelve orders of arachnids: spiders (2 million specimens), scorpions (10,000), parasitiforms and acariforms (together as acari, 30,000), pseudoscorpions (7,000), opilions (4,500), amblypygi, palpigradi, ricinulei, schizomids, solifugae and uropygi (altogether 1,200), from all over the world. The biggest collection is the one of spiders, which was started in the 1860s by Eugène Simon (1848-1924), an araneologist who is still considered one of the most prolific spider descriptors today and has grown considerably over the years. It includes 26,000 species, out of the 53,000 described to date, and some 12,000 types. Despite its historical and scientific importance, the Natural History Museum arachnid collection has suffered over the years. Conservation issues like dehydration, slides conservation, label degradations or mold development are to be faced in the collection. Furthermore, the arachnid collection has not undergone the technological and cultural transformation other natural history collections may have. The specimens’ catalogs are not yet computerized and types not identified nor individualized. Therefore, and even if the Natural History Muséum of Paris has embraced and implemented a culture of data sharing, its arachnid collection is not visible enough nor easily accessible to potential users. Here I detail the state of Paris’ collection today, the major challenges we are facing, and the projects we are developing to preserve, valorize and make it accessible to researchers worldwide.

The Museum’s collections of Arachnida are among the largest of their kind in the world. The term Arachnida covers the following groups: Acari, Amblypygi, Araneae (spiders), Opiliones (harvestmen), Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpiones, Ricinulei, Schizomida, Scorpiones, Solifugae and Thelyphonida.

Privet, Kaïna & Elise, Leguin. (2025). (How to) Make Paris' Arachnids collections great again?. 10.13140/RG.2.2.33155.57124.