Notes on the identity of the orb-weaver spider Araneus nox Simon, 1877 (Araneae: Araneidae) from India, including its transfer to Eriovixia Archer, 1951 and one new synonymy

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  Notes on the identity of the orb-weaver spider Araneus nox Simon, 1877 (Araneae: Araneidae) from India, including its transfer to Eriovixia Archer, 1951 and one new synonymy The orb-weaver genus Araneus Clerck, 1757 has historically served as a heterogeneous assemblage for numerous araneid spiders lacking clear generic placement, and several Asian species formerly assigned to Araneus have subsequently been transferred to more narrowly defined genera. One species that still needs further investigation on its true identity is Araneus nox (Simon, 1877), originally described as Epeira nox Simon, 1877 from Basilan Island, Philippines, and later transferred to Araneus by Simon (1905). In the same year as the description of Epeira nox, Thorell (1877) described Epeira pilula from the Moluccas (Indonesia), which was subsequently synonymised under Epeira nox by Simon (1880). Despite its broad Oriental distribution, the taxonomic identity and generic placement of A. nox have remained insuff...

Fab or F(ab’)2 Antivenom: Which Should we use for North American Crotalids?

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Fab or F(ab’)2 Antivenom: Which Should we use for North American Crotalids?

We read with interest a pair of articles comparing different aspects of Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (CroFab®, BTG International) or Crotalidae immune F(ab’)2(Anavip®, Rare Disease Therapeutics),the two principle antivenoms (AV) for North American pit viper envenomations [1, 2]. Both articles employed the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) North American Snake Bite Registry (NASBR), and both articles sought to determine whether one antivenom is preferable to the other. The two articles point to different answers to the question, “Which antivenom should our hospital use?”

McKnight, M., Mullins, M.E. Fab or F(ab’)2 Antivenom: Which Should we use for North American Crotalids?. J. Med. Toxicol. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-025-01098-1