Diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of captive snakes

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  Diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of captive snakes Abstract Venomous snake bites are a global public health issue, causing between 81 000 and 138 000 annual deaths and 400 000 permanent disabilities. This study investigated the oral bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles in captive  Viperidae  snakes. Oral swabs from 48 specimens across four species ( Porthidium lansbergii ,  Bothriechis nigroviridis ,  Cerrophidion sasai , and  Bothrops asper ) were analyzed using culture-dependent methods. Bacterial isolation and identification using the VITEK 2 automated system revealed 41 strains from 12 genera, predominantly Gram-negative bacteria, including  Morganella morganii  (11 isolates) and  Providencia rettgeri  (10 isolates). Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated significant resistance patterns, with 100% resistance to cephalothin and cefazolin i...

Three new Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão, 1938 species from Brazil (Araneae, Zodariidae)

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Three new Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão, 1938 species from Brazil (Araneae, Zodariidae)

Abstract

Three new Brazilian species of the zodariid genus Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão, 1938 are described: C. ampullatus sp. nov. (♂♀), C. spinosissimus sp. nov. (♂) and C. malkini sp. nov. (♂). Descriptions are accompanied with high-quality illustrations and microphotographs. An updated distribution map and a key to all the species in the genus are presented. The morphological diagnostic characters of the genus are discussed.

Henrard, A., Jocqué, R., & Carvalho, L. S. (2025). Three new Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão, 1938 species from Brazil (Araneae, Zodariidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 1004(1), 92–119. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.1004.2965