Persistence without prosperity at the upper range margin: Elevation, microhabitat buffering and biotic pressure in a range-expanding spider

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  Persistence without prosperity at the upper range margin: Elevation, microhabitat buffering and biotic pressure in a range-expanding spider Abstract The upper elevational range limits of thermophilic arthropods reflect constraints on population persistence rather than simple presence. We examined how elevation structures affect the occurrence, abundance, reproductive behaviour and biotic pressure of the spider Cheiracanthium punctorium in Central Europe using a hypothesis-driven synthesis of site-level and cocoon-level data collected over 4 years. Both occurrence and abundance decreased steeply with elevation, with a pronounced loss of occupancy above approximately 850 m a.s.l., indicating a well-defined upper range boundary. Reproductive behaviour shifted systematically along the gradient, as females placed egg cocoons lower on vegetation at higher elevations, independent of vegetation height, which is consistent with behavioural adjustment to increasingly unfavourable microcli...

Proteomic Characterization of Venom from Scorpio fuscus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) with Perspectives for Therapeutic Applications

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Proteomic Characterization of Venom from Scorpio fuscus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) with Perspectives for Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

Scorpion venom, renowned for its complexity and bioactivity, presents a fascinating landscape of molecules with diverse functionalities. This study delves into the intricate world of Scorpio fuscus venom proteins involving 1D gel-based proteomics followed by de novo protein identification employing LC-MS/MS. A total of 84 proteins were identified, unveiling a multifaceted composition with distinct functional categories. Notable entities include heteroscorpine-1, venom peptides (HtLKTx1-6, maurocalcin, opiscorpine-1 to 4), and phospholipase A2 hemilipin. These proteins exhibit potential applications in ion channel modulation and antimicrobial activity. Although some toxins show in vitro cytotoxicity, further in vivo investigations are needed to assess their true anticancer potential.
The investigation highlights 16 potential antimicrobial peptides/proteins, including Con22 and opiscorpine-1. Additionally, 13 proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as phospholipase A2 heteromtoxin, were identified, suggesting potential effects in angiogenesis and cellular processes. The study identified the αKTx6.2 channel toxin peptide, maurotoxin, a potent inhibitor of voltage-dependent potassium channels. The presence of hemocyanin, a respiratory pigment, adds complexity to our insight into scorpion physiology, suggesting potential roles in immune responses and resistance to ionizing irradiations, beyond oxygen transport. Furthermore, the identification of proteins unknown or uncharacterized for their functions, including La1-like protein 13 and CAP-Uro-1, extends the intricacy of the venom composition, warranting further investigations into their functional significance.
This comprehensive analysis provides a nuanced perspective on the Scorpio fuscus venom, shedding light on potential therapeutic avenues, antimicrobial applications, and the evolutionary adaptations that have shaped scorpion venoms.

CELEBIOGLU, H. U., KANDIR, S., GOKCEK-SARAC, C., AydinYAGMUR, E., SVENSSON, B., & KARAKURT, S. (2025). Proteomic Characterization of Venom from Scorpio fuscus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) with Perspectives for Therapeutic Applications. Toxicon, 108506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2025.108506