First catalog of spiders of Egypt (Araneae)

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  First catalog of spiders of Egypt (Araneae) Abstract This study provides a comprehensive catalog of the spider fauna of Egypt, comprising 389 species assigned to 197 genera and 40 families. For each species, all published locality records are compiled and accompanied by complete bibliographic references. The dataset has been carefully reviewed and critically evaluated in light of the most recent taxonomic and faunistic information. Among the recorded species, 55 (14.13%) are currently known only from Egypt and are thus considered endemic. Based on the World Spider Catalog (2026), 28 species are treated as nomina dubia, 23 species lack confirmed records from Egypt, which is not correct, 10 have to be omitted from the Egyptian list and 8 are species inquirenda. Despite the relatively high number of documented species, the Egyptian araneofauna remains insufficiently explored. Given the country’s ecological diversity and biogeographical position, further research is expected to signi...

Deciphering Scorpion Toxin-Induced Pain: Molecular Mechanisms and Ion Channel Dynamics

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Deciphering Scorpion Toxin-Induced Pain: Molecular Mechanisms and Ion Channel Dynamics

Abstract

Scorpion toxins significantly disrupt the normal function of ion channels, leading to abnormal nerve excitability and severe pain responses. Notably, α-type sodium channel toxins (α-NaTx) and β-type sodium channel toxins (β-NaTx) target sodium channels through distinct mechanisms: α-NaTx prolongs channel opening, while β-NaTx lowers the activation threshold, resulting in persistent nerve overexcitation and heightened pain. This review synthesizes current knowledge on pain-inducing venom peptides isolated from various scorpion species, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involving ion channels. Furthermore, it explores the potential applications of these toxins in scientific research and drug development, highlighting their significance in advancing our understanding of pain mechanisms and facilitating the development of novel analgesic therapies.

He D, Lei Y, Qin H, Cao Z, Kwok HF. Deciphering Scorpion Toxin-Induced Pain: Molecular Mechanisms and Ion Channel Dynamics. Int J Biol Sci 2025; 21(7):2921-2934. doi:10.7150/ijbs.109713. https://www.ijbs.com/v21p2921.htm