AaTs-1, a Tetrapeptide from Scorpion Venom Mitigates Demyelination and Neuroinflammation in a Cuprizone-Induced Model of Multiple Sclerosis

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  AaTs-1, a Tetrapeptide from Scorpion Venom Mitigates Demyelination and Neuroinflammation in a Cuprizone-Induced Model of Multiple Sclerosis Abstract Purpose This study focuses on the evaluation of the therapeutic potential of Tetrascorpin-1 (AaTs-1), a tetrapeptide isolated from Androctonus australis hector venom, proposed as a putative formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) antagonist, in a cuprizone-induced murine model of Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Methods Acute demyelination was induced in mice by administering cuprizone (0.2% w/w in the diet) for six weeks. During the sixth week of cuprizone intake, demyelinated mice received intranasal administration of AaTs-1 at a dose of 50–100 µg/kg for five consecutive days, with 24-hour intervals between treatments. Results Behavioral assessments, immunological assays, and histological analyses revealed that AaTs-1 improved body weight, reduced behavioral impairments...

The genus Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 from Peru: redescription of the male of T. ockerti Schmidt,1994 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), and a new species

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The genus Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 from Peru: redescription of the male of T. ockerti Schmidt,1994 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), and a new species

Abstract
We redescribe and illustrate the male of Thrixopelma ockerti Schmidt, 1994 presenting the first analysis of keels on the palpal bulb. Additionally, a new species Thrixopelma kimraykawsaki sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Peru, along with data on its natural history. This new species is known from Abancay, department of Apurimac, can be distinguished from other species by having a palpal bulb bearing a tegular heel, a spatu-late embolus with well developed prolateral keels, and the presence of a retrolateral keel. Females are differentiated from other known Thrixopelma species by the shape of the spermathecae and the number of labial cuspules. 

West, Rick.,Fiorella Signorotto, Nelson Ferretti,Juan C. Chaparro,José A. Ochoa,2025). The genus Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 from Peru: redescription of the male of T. ockerti Schmidt,1994 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae), and a new species. Arachnology. 20. 107-114.