Soil Preference and Burrow Characteristics of Two Theraphosidae Species in Penang Island, Malaysia

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  Soil Preference and Burrow Characteristics of Two Theraphosidae Species in Penang Island, Malaysia Abstract Tarantulas play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance by regulating insect populations. However, little is known about the soil preferences and burrow structures of tarantulas in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the soil preference as well as the burrow structure of  Coremiocnemis cunciularia  and  Chilobrachys andersoni  from Penang Island. The soil characteristics of the soil samples collected around the burrows of  Coremiocnemis cunciularia  (n = 30) and  Chilobrachys andersoni  (n = 30) were determined using soil texture analysis. The measurements and burrow structures from adults and juveniles of  Coremiocnemis cunciularia  and  Chilobrachys andersoni  were determined. It was revealed that the moisture content and clay percentage in the soil samples around burrows of  Chilobrachys anderso...

Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New Hypoxanthine Derivative Isolated from the Scorpion Buthus martensii and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity

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Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New Hypoxanthine Derivative Isolated from the Scorpion Buthus martensii and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity

Abstract

Twelve guanidine derivatives (1–12), including seven new compounds (martensiiagms A–G, 1–7), one new hypoxanthine derivative (martensiiagm H, 13), and 15 known compounds (14–28) were isolated from the whole body of Buthus martensii Karsch and identified by analysis of data. Subsequent biological evaluations revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 1. It attenuates the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress levels prompted by lipopolysaccharide. This attenuation is accomplished by a specific action on mitochondria, which, in turn, caused a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New Hypoxanthine Derivative Isolated from the Scorpion Buthus martensii and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity
Ke-Ming Li, Wei-Fen Li, Yong-Ming Yan, Guangyi Yang, and Yong-Xian Cheng
Journal of Natural Products Article ASAP