The neonicotinoid imidacloprid impairs the predatory performance and functional response of the jumping spider Helpis minitabunda (Araneae, Salticidae)

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  The neonicotinoid imidacloprid impairs the predatory performance and functional response of the jumping spider Helpis minitabunda (Araneae, Salticidae) Abstract The neonicotinoid imidacloprid can cause lethal and sublethal effects in non-target organisms, including impaired behavior, reduced fertility, disrupted locomotion, and reduced predatory performance in arthropods. Spiders are among the most abundant arthropod predators in terrestrial ecosystems, including agricultural ecosystems, yet the effects of neonicotinoids on the predatory function of jumping spiders remain poorly understood. The functional response of a predator describes how predation rates change with prey density and is key to understanding predator–prey dynamics. We tested whether acute exposure to a commercial formulation of imidacloprid at field-recommended concentrations alters the functional response of the Aussie bronze jumping spider, Helpis minitabunda (L. Koch, 1880). We compared the predation of treat...

Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New Hypoxanthine Derivative Isolated from the Scorpion Buthus martensii and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity

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Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New Hypoxanthine Derivative Isolated from the Scorpion Buthus martensii and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity

Abstract

Twelve guanidine derivatives (1–12), including seven new compounds (martensiiagms A–G, 1–7), one new hypoxanthine derivative (martensiiagm H, 13), and 15 known compounds (14–28) were isolated from the whole body of Buthus martensii Karsch and identified by analysis of data. Subsequent biological evaluations revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 1. It attenuates the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress levels prompted by lipopolysaccharide. This attenuation is accomplished by a specific action on mitochondria, which, in turn, caused a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Seven New Guanidine Derivatives and One New Hypoxanthine Derivative Isolated from the Scorpion Buthus martensii and Potential Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity
Ke-Ming Li, Wei-Fen Li, Yong-Ming Yan, Guangyi Yang, and Yong-Xian Cheng
Journal of Natural Products Article ASAP