Role of Regulated Cell Death Pathways in Snakebite Envenomation: Mechanisms, Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Opportunities

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  Role of Regulated Cell Death Pathways in Snakebite Envenomation: Mechanisms, Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Opportunities Abstract Snakebite envenomation causes severe tissue damage, often resulting in permanent disability with long-term complications like amputations and organ dysfunction. Current antivenoms, which are antibody-based, have lower tissue penetrability and limited efficacy in minimizing the local effects, highlighting the need for adjunct therapies. Emerging evidence indicates that venom-induced pathology is not restricted to direct cytotoxicity and necrosis; rather, it also involves multiple interconnected Regulated Cell Death (RCD) pathways, but their mechanistic interplay and therapeutic implications remain poorly understood. This review examines how venom toxins induce a cellular stress response characterized by oxidative stress, membrane disruption, and calcium overload, leading to the activation of interconnected regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, including apo...

New data on some African tarantulas including palpal bulb morphology in Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897 (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

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New data on some African tarantulas including palpal bulb morphology in Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897 (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Abstract
We catalogue the theraphosids of the subfamilies Harpactirinae and Stromatopelminae housed in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg. The first record of Pterinochulus raygabrieli Gallon, 2009 from Ethiopia is presented with discussion on the bulb morphology of this species, alongside faunistic data on Eucratoscelus constrictus (Gerstaecker, 1873) and Pterinochilus murinus Pocock, 1897 in Kenya, Idiothele nigrofulva (Pocock, 1898) in South Africa, and Stromatopelma calceatum (Fabricius, 1793) in Guinea. 

Bariev, Timur & Sherwood, Danniella. (2025). New data on some African tarantulas including palpal bulb morphology in Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). rej. 34. 58-63. 

Special thanks to Danni Sherwood for providing this paper via ResearchGate