Snake Venom and Antivenom Pharmacology

  SNAKE VENOM & ANTIVENOM Chemistry, Composition, Mechanisms and Pharmacology Abstract This integrated teaching session for Phase III MBBS students focused on the pharmacology and toxicology of snake venom and the principles of antivenom therapy. The lecture covered the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of snake venoms and antivenoms. Rational use of antivenoms, indications, administration protocols, adverse reactions, and supportive management strategies were discussed. The session also highlighted the translational importance of venom-derived compounds in modern drug development. Recent advances in antivenom research, including recombinant human monoclonal antibodies, toxin-specific inhibitors, synthetic antibody technologies, and next-generation broad-spectrum antivenoms, were reviewed. Current discoveries and emerging approaches aimed at improving efficacy, safety, affordability, and accessibility of antivenom therapy were also explor...

First Record of the Parasitoid Wasp Philolema latrodecti Parasitizing an Egg Sac of the Widow Spider Latrodectus mactans in Nuevo Leon, Mexico

 


First Record of the Parasitoid Wasp Philolema latrodecti Parasitizing an Egg Sac of the Widow Spider Latrodectus mactans in Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Abstract

To our knowledge, Philolema latrodecti (Fullaway, 1953) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) is recorded for the first time in Mexico parasitizing an egg sac of the widow spider Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775) (Araneae: Theridiidae).

Se registra por primera vez para México la avispa parasitoide Philolema latrodecti (Fullaway, 1953) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), parasitando un saco de huevos de la araña viuda Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius, 1775) (Araneae: Theridiidae).

Manuel de Luna, Víctor Hernández-González, Carlos Solís-Rojas, Patricia Zambrano-Robledo, Edgar O. García Sánchez, Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez, María de Lourdes Ramírez-Ahuja "First Record of the Parasitoid Wasp Philolema latrodecti Parasitizing an Egg Sac of the Widow Spider Latrodectus mactans in Nuevo Leon, Mexico," Southwestern Entomologist, 49(4), 1485-1493, (28 February 2025) https://doi.org/10.3958/059.049.0435