Snake Venom and Antivenom Pharmacology

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  SNAKE VENOM & ANTIVENOM Chemistry, Composition, Mechanisms and Pharmacology Abstract This integrated teaching session for Phase III MBBS students focused on the pharmacology and toxicology of snake venom and the principles of antivenom therapy. The lecture covered the chemistry, composition, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of snake venoms and antivenoms. Rational use of antivenoms, indications, administration protocols, adverse reactions, and supportive management strategies were discussed. The session also highlighted the translational importance of venom-derived compounds in modern drug development. Recent advances in antivenom research, including recombinant human monoclonal antibodies, toxin-specific inhibitors, synthetic antibody technologies, and next-generation broad-spectrum antivenoms, were reviewed. Current discoveries and emerging approaches aimed at improving efficacy, safety, affordability, and accessibility of antivenom therapy were also explor...

Annotated checklist of imported non-native spider (Araneae) taxa recorded in the United Kingdom 1800–2024

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Annotated checklist of imported non-native spider (Araneae) taxa recorded in the United Kingdom 1800–2024

Abstract
An annotated checklist of non-native spiders historically and contemporaneously known to have been accidently imported into the United Kingdom is given, a total of 35 families, 103 genera, and 131 species are accepted for the checklist. New records, based on material sent to the author over the last decade and further historical museum specimens examined, comprise 35 newly recorded species. Of these, three also represent the first records of their respective genera, and two the first records of their respective families. Five new taxonomic acts are proposed: Clubiona facilis O. Pickard Cambridge, 1911, stat. rev. (Clubionidae); Bolostromus suspectus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1911, nomen dubium (Cyrtaucheniidae); Lathys lepida O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1909, nomen dubium (Dictynidae); Orchestina dubia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1911; nomen dubium (Oonopidae); and Melos bicolor O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900, nomen dubium (Theridiidae). 

Sherwood, Danniella. (2025). Annotated checklist of imported non-native spider (Araneae) taxa recorded in the United Kingdom 1800–2024. rej. 34. 121-160. 

Special thanks to Danni Sherwood for providing this paper via ResearchGate