Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling

Posted by
  Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling Abstract Introduction Sanguisorba officinalis L. ( Di Yu ) has traditionally been used for snakebite treatment. Ziyuglycoside I, a major bioactive constituent of Di Yu , exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but its role in snake venom-associated renal injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate its potential protective effects against Deinagkistrodon acutus venom (DAV)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury in vitro. Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to DAV to establish an in vitro renal tubular epithelial injury model. Cellular metabolic activity and intracellular ATP levels were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and CellTiter-Glo assays, respectively. DAV-induced molecular alterations were examined by transcriptomic sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. PAR1 knockdown and pharmacological...

Description of three new species of genus Vacrothele (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Macrothelidae) from China with notes on two taxonomic amendments

Posted by

 


Description of three new species of genus Vacrothele (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Macrothelidae) from China with notes on two taxonomic amendments

Abstract

Three new species of the genus Vacrothele Tang & Yang, 2022 are described in detail from China: Vacrothele fuyuanensis sp. nov., Vacrothele jiangkouensis sp. nov. and Vacrothele baiseensis sp. nov. Two described species of the Macrothele are transferred to the genus, i.e., Vacrothele emei (Lin & Li, 2021) comb. nov. and Vacrothele taiwanensis (Shimojana & Haupt, 1998) comb. nov. A key to species of Vacrothele and a geographic distribution map are given.

Zheng, Y.-L., Zhao, Y., & Yang, Z.-Z. (2025). Description of three new species of genus Vacrothele (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Macrothelidae) from China with notes on two taxonomic amendments. European Journal of Taxonomy, 976(1), 92–107. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2779