Transcriptomic Insights Into the Evolution of Snake Venom: Mechanisms, Diversity, and Adaptation

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  Transcriptomic Insights Into the Evolution of Snake Venom: Mechanisms, Diversity, and Adaptation Abstract Snake venoms are evolutionarily refined biochemical arsenals composed of diverse toxins with complex functional roles in predation, defense, and competition. Over the past 2 decades, transcriptomic approaches have transformed venom research by enabling high-resolution insights into gene expression dynamics, molecular diversity, and the evolutionary mechanisms driving venom variation across lineages. In this review, we present a comprehensive synthesis of snake venom transcriptomics literature and propose a conceptual framework structured around three major axes: (1) gene family expansion through duplication and neofunctionalization; (2) regulatory complexity encompassing transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic modulation; and (3) ecological selection pressures shaping venom profiles in response to diet, habitat, and interspecific interactions. We integrate findin...

A short taxonomic note on the buthid taxa described by Rafat Amir et al. (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

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A short taxonomic note on the buthid taxa described by Rafat Amir et al. (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Taxonomic remarks on Buthotus asimii Amir et al., 2004, Compsobuthus humaae Amir et al., 2005, Hemibuthus umarii Amir et al., 2004, Stenochirus jinnahii Amir et al., 2005, Stenochirus rahmatii Amir et al., 2005, Vachonus asiyaae Amir & Kamaluddin, 2009, and Vachonus iqbali Amir et al., 2009. Has been peer-reviewed.

Tang, Victoria. (2024). A short taxonomic note on the buthid taxa described by Rafat Amir et al. (Scorpiones: Buthidae). 10.5281/zenodo.14545783.