Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation

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  Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation Abstract Snake venom is a complex and dynamic ecological trait, with high potential for intraspecific variation. In this study, the venom composition of the Iberian adder ( Vipera seoanei ) from the Peneda Mountains of northern Portugal was investigated to explore whether venom varies with body size and sex. Venom proteomes from six individuals representing juvenile, subadult, and adult males and females were characterised using LC–MS/MS, while individual variation was assessed from SDS–PAGE profiles of 18 snakes. LC–MS/MS identified 144 proteins, dominated by phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), snake venom serine proteases (svSP), and C-type lectin-related proteins (CTL). Descriptive comparisons revealed contrasting individual profiles, particularly between the juvenile male, characterised by high svSP and svMP abundance, and the juvenile female, characterised by high ...

Two new species of Spinosatibiapalpus Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Colombia

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Two new species of Spinosatibiapalpus Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Colombia

Abstract
Two new species of the genus Spinosatibiapalpus Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 are described: S. paula sp. nov. from the Colombian Caribbean coast and S. neisi sp. nov. from central Colombia. Both species are proposed based on the morphology of the palpal bulb, tibial apophysis and spermathecae. Taxo-nomic keys for all known species of the genus and a distribution map for Colombian species are provided.  

Bolaño-Manjarres, Emel & Benavides, Léiner & Tamaris-Turizo, Cesar & Osorio Vanegas, Luis. (2024). Two new species of Spinosatibiapalpus Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Colombia. Arachnology. 19. 1205-1210.